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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (logo).jpg|100px|thumb|ALSP Logo]] -->
The '''Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP)''' is a protocol and supporting software that enables simulations to interoperate with one another. Replaced by the '''[[High Level Architecture (simulation)]] (HLA)''', it was used by the US military to link analytic and training simulations.
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==History==
In 1990, the '''[[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA)''' employed '''The [[MITRE]] Corporation''' to study the application of distributed interactive simulation principles employed in '''[[SIMNET]]''' to aggregate-level constructive training simulations. Based on prototype efforts, a community-based experiment was conducted in 1991 to extend SIMNET to link the US Army's [https://archive.
By 1995, ALSP had transitioned to a multi-Service program with simulations representing the US Army (CBS), the US Air Force (AWSIM), the US Navy ('''RESA'''), the US Marine Corps ([https://web.archive.org/web/20070826203844/http://www.29palms.usmc.mil/dirs/ont/mands/mwts.asp '''MTWS''']), electronic warfare ('''JECEWSI'''), logistics ('''CSSTSS'''), and intelligence ([https://web.archive.org/web/20070825010050/http://www.peostri.army.mil/PRODUCTS/TACSIM/ '''TACSIM''']). The program had also transitioned from DARPA's research and development emphasis to mainstream management by the US Army's Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation ([http://www.peostri.army.mil '''PEO STRI'''])
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# The simulation repeats from step (1).
AIS includes a [[deadlock avoidance]] mechanism using null messages. The mechanism requires that the processes have exploitable [[Combinatorial search#Lookahead|lookahead]] characteristics.
====Object management====
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Distributed object ownership presumes that no single simulation must own all objects in a confederation, but many simulations require knowledge of some objects. A simulation uses simulation protocol update messages to discover objects owned by other simulations. If this simulation is interested in the objects, it can ghost them (track their locations and state) and model interactions to them from owned objects.
Locks implement attribute ownership. A primary function of the object management protocol is to ensure that a simulation only updates attributes for which it has acquired a lock. The
Each attribute of each object known to a given ACM has a status that assumes one of three values:
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* William E. Babineau, Philip S. Barry, C. Zachary Furness, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/SIW-Fall98/testing.rtf "Automated Testing within the Joint Training confederation (JTC)"], ''Proceedings of the Fall 1998 Simulation Interoperability Workshop'', Orlando, FL, September, 1998.
* MAJ John Bullington and Gordon Miller, September 1996, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/MORS_TACSIM/mors_sep96.html "Intelligence Simulation Support to the Joint Training Confederation: Implications for Future Development"], TACSIM Project Office and The MITRE Corporation, published in the September 1996 edition of ''Phalanx, a MORS publication''.
* Lydia P. Dubon, 1993, [
* Laura Feinerman, Gordon Miller, David Prochnow, Richard Weatherly, Annette Wilson, and Anita Adams Zabek, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/94_annual_report/94_an_rpt_pr.html "Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP) Project 1994 Annual Report"], dated March 1995, The MITRE Corporation. A history of the ALSP program in fiscal year 1994.
* Mary C. Fischer, April 1994, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013080320/http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/elecsim_94_paper_fischer/elecsim_connie.html "Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP) - Managing Confederation Development"], U. S. Army Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command. A paper presented on the ''1994 Elecsim Internet Conference''.
* Mary C. Fischer, Anita Adams, Gordon Miller, June 1994, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/mors_94_fischer/mors_94_fischer.html "Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP) - Training for the Future"], U. S. Army Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command and The MITRE Corporation. A paper presented at the ''Military Operations Research Symposium 62'' meeting at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
* Mary C. Fischer, December 1994, [
* Mary C. Fischer, April 1995, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/itec_95_fischer/itec_95_fischer.html "Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP) - Future Training with Distributed Interactive Simulations"], U. S. Army Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command. A paper presented at the ''1995 International Training Equipment Conference'' on 25–27 April 1995 at The Hague in The Netherlands.
* Mary C. Fischer, September 1995, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/DRG_Paper/36nato-w.html "Joint Simulated Battlefield"], U. S. Army Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation Command, published in ''Proceedings of the 36th Defence Research Group (DRG) Seminar on Modeling and Simulation'', 5–8 September 1995, Washington, D.C.
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* John Tufarolo and Ernest Page, [http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=256869&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=3273248&CFTOKEN=54531066 "Evolving the VV&A Process for the ALSP Joint Training Confederation"], ''Proceedings for the 1996 Winter Simulation Conference'', pp. 952–958, Coronado, CA, 8–11 December 1996.
* Richard Weatherly, David Seidel, and Jon Weissman, July 1991, [http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/ssc_91_paper/SSC_91_Paper.html "Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol"], The MITRE Corporation. A paper presented at the ''1991 Summer Computer Simulation Conference'' in Baltimore, Maryland
* Richard Weatherly, Annette Wilson, and Sean Griffin, December 1993, [
* {{Cite conference | last1 = Weatherly | first1 = Richard M. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = Annette L. | last3 = Canova | first3 = Bradford S. | last4 = Page | first4 = Ernest H. | last5 = Zabek | first5 = Anita A. | last6 = Fischer | first6 = Mary C. | chapter = Advanced distributed simulation through the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol | doi = 10.1109/HICSS.1996.495488 | title = Proceedings of HICSS-29: 29th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | conference = [[Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences]] | pages = [https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoftwe0000annu/page/407 407] | year = 1996 | isbn = 0-8186-7324-9 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.37.4784 | s2cid = 16082035 | chapter-url-access = registration | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoftwe0000annu/page/407 }}
* Annette Wilson and Richard Weatherly, April 1994, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013081152/http://ms.ie.org/alsp/biblio/elecsim_94_paper/Elecsim_94_mod.html "New Traffic Reduction and Management Tools for ALSP Confederations"], The MITRE Corporation. A paper presented on the ''1994 Elecsim Internet Conference''.
* Annette Wilson and Richard Weatherly, December 1994, [
==References==
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