Shutdown (computing): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Remove power from a computer's main components in a controlled way}}

{{Other uses|Shutdown (disambiguation){{!}}Shutdown}}

{{redirect|Shutdown.exe|the album|Shutdown.exe (album)}}

{{redirect|Shutdown -r|the episode of ''Mr. Robot''|Shutdown -r (Mr. Robot)}}

{{redirect|Power down|the book|Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

[[File:Windows XP Shutdown.png|200px|thumb|[[Windows XP]] shutdown dialog box]]

[[File:Windows 11 Power Options.png|200px|thumb|[[Windows 11]] power menu, opened from the [[Start menu]]]]

To '''shut down''' or '''power off''' a computer is to [[switch|remove power]] from a computer's main components in a controlled way. After a computer is shut down, main components such as [[Central processing unit|CPU]]s, [[Random-access memory|RAM]] modules and [[hard disk drive]]s are powered down, although some internal components, such as an internal clock, may retain power.

==Implementations==

The shutdown feature and [[command (computing)|command]] is available in [[Microsoft]] [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref>[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-xp/bb491003(v%3dtechnet.10) Shutdown | Microsoft Docs]</ref> [[ReactOS]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/reactos/reactos/blob/master/base/applications/shutdown/shutdown.c|title=Reactos/Reactos|date=26 October 2021|website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref> [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] [[HP Multi-Programming Executive|MPE/iX]],<ref>[http://h20628.www2.hp.com/km-ext/kmcsdirect/emr_na-c01687363-4.pdf MPE/iX Commands Reference Manual – HP 3000 MPE/iX Computer Systems – Edition 11]</ref> and in a number of [[Unix]] and [[Unix-like]] operating systems such as [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[macOS]].

===Microsoft Windows and ReactOS===

[[File:Shutdown Options 7.png|200px|thumb|Shutdown options have been moved from a separate dialog box to the [[start menu]], in [[Windows Vista]] and later versions of Microsoft Windows. The above is from [[Windows 7]] (this has now moved to the same window in [[Windows 10]]).]]

{{Stack|<!-- Stack begins -->

In [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[ReactOS]], a PC or server is shut down by selecting the <tt>{{mono|Shutdown</tt>}} item from the [[Start menu]] on the desktop. Options include shutting down the system and powering off, automatically restarting the system after shutting down, or putting the system into [[standby mode|stand-by mode]].

[[File:Windows XP Shutdown.png|200px|thumb|[[Windows XP]] shutdown dialog box]]

[[File:Shutdown Options 7.png|200px|thumb|Shutdown options have been moved from a separate dialog box to the [[start menu]], in [[Windows Vista]] and later versions of Microsoft Windows. The above is from [[Windows 7]] (this has now moved to the same window in [[Windows 10]]).]]

[[File:Shut down command prompt.jpg|200px|thumb|The <tt>shutdown</tt> command]]

<!-- Stack ends -->}}

In [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[ReactOS]], a PC or server is shut down by selecting the <tt>Shutdown</tt> item from the [[Start menu]] on the desktop. Options include shutting down the system and powering off, automatically restarting the system after shutting down, or putting the system into [[standby mode|stand-by mode]].

Just like other operating systems, Windows has the option to prohibit selected users from shutting down a computer. On a home PC, every user may have the shutdown option, but in computers on large networks (such as [[Active Directory]]), an administrator can revoke the access rights of selected users to shut down a Windows computer. Nowadays there are many software utilities which can automate the task of shutting down a Windows computer, enabling automatic computer control. The Windows Shutdown website lists various software utilities to automate the task of shutting down.

There is also a <code>shutdown</code> [[command (computing)|command]] that can be executed within a [[shell (computing)|command shell]] window. <code>[[shutdown.exe]]</code> is the [[command-line interface|command-line]] shutdown application (located in '''%windir%\System32\shutdown.exe)'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-quickly-shut-down-windows-10/|title=Shut down Windows 10 with just one click (or two)|work=CNET|access-date=2017-04-24|language=en}}</ref> that can shut down the user's computer or another computer on the user's network. Different parameters allow different functions. More than one parameter can be used at a time for this command.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491003.aspx|title=Shutdown|website=technet.microsoft.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref>

In Windows, a program can shut down the system by calling the <code>ExitWindowsEx</code> or <code>NtShutdownSystem</code> function.<ref>{{cite web

|title = NtShutdownSystem

|url = http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/source/usermode/undocumented%20functions/hardware/ntshutdownsystem.html

|accessdateaccess-date = 11 April 2015

|date = 2001-02-25

|url-status = dead

|archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140902230507/http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/source/usermode/undocumented%20functions/hardware/ntshutdownsystem.html

|archivedatearchive-date = 2 September 2014

|df = dmy-all

}}</ref>

====Command-line interface====

{{Infobox software

| name = shutdown

| logo =

| screenshot = Windows 10 shutdown command.png

| screenshot size = 320px

| caption = The <code>shutdown</code> command on [[Windows 10]]

| developer = [[Microsoft]], ReactOS Contributors

| released =

| latest release version =

| latest release date =

| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[ReactOS]]

| genre = [[Command (computing)|Command]]

| license = Windows: [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] [[commercial software]]<br />

ReactOS: [[GNU General Public License]]

| website = {{URL|https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown}}

}}

There is also a <code>shutdown</code> [[command (computing)|command]] that can be executed within a [[shell (computing)|command shell]] window. <code>[[shutdown.exe]]</code> is the [[command-line interface|command-line]] shutdown application (located in '''%windir%\System32\shutdown.exe)''')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-quickly-shut-down-windows-10/|title=Shut down Windows 10 with just one click (or two)|work=CNET|access-date=2017-04-24|language=en}}</ref> that can shut down the user's computer or another computer on the user's network. Different parameters allow different functions. More than one parameter can be used at a time for this command.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491003.aspx|title=Shutdown|website=technet.microsoft.com|date=11 September 2009 |language=en|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

!Parameter

Line 35 ⟶ 67:

|-

| -m[\\ ''Computer Name'']

|When shutting down a network computer, allows youuser to choose

which computer to turn off.

|-

Line 46 ⟶ 78:

It can not be more than 127 characters.

|}

Just like other operating systems, Windows has the option to prohibit selected users from shutting down a computer. On a home PC, every user may have the shutdown option, but in computers on large networks (such as [[Active Directory]]), an administrator can revoke the access rights of selected users to shut down a Windows computer. Nowadays there are many software utilities which can automate the task of shutting down a Windows computer, enabling automatic computer control. The Windows Shutdown website lists various software utilities to automate the task of shutting down.

In Windows, a program can shut down the system by calling the <code>ExitWindowsEx</code> or <code>NtShutdownSystem</code> function.<ref>{{cite web

|title = NtShutdownSystem

|url = http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/source/usermode/undocumented%20functions/hardware/ntshutdownsystem.html

|accessdate = 11 April 2015

|date = 2001-02-25

|url-status = dead

|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140902230507/http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/source/usermode/undocumented%20functions/hardware/ntshutdownsystem.html

|archivedate = 2 September 2014

|df = dmy-all

}}</ref>

===Apple macOS===

[[File:MacOS_Shutdown_Box.png|200px|thumb|[[macOS]] power management dialog box]]

In [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[macOS]] the computer can be shut down by choosing "Shut Down…" from the [[Apple Menu]], by pressing {{Keypress|Control|Power}} key/button (or {{Keypress|Media Eject}} key), or by pressing the power key to bring up the power management dialog box and selecting button "Shut down". An administrator may also use the Unix <code>shutdown</code> [[command (computing)|command]] as well.<ref>{{man|8|shutdown|Darwin}}</ref> It can also be shut down by pressing [Alt]+[{{Keypress|Control|Option|Command]+[|Power}} key/button (or {{Keypress|Media Eject}} opticalkey) discor clicking Shut Down on opticalthe drive]Apple Menu while holding the {{Keypress|Option}} key, but this will not prompt the user anything at all.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mac keyboard shortcuts |url=https://support.apple.com/en-hk/HT201236 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref> On newer and some older Apple computers, starting with [[Mac OS 9]], the user is given a time limit in which the computer will automatically shut down if the user does not click the "Shut Down" button.

===Unix and Linux===

{{Infobox software

In [[Unix]] and [[Linux]], the <code>shutdown</code> command can be used to turn off or [[Booting|reboot]] a computer. Only the [[superuser]] can shut the system down.

| name = shutdown

| logo =

| screenshot =

| screenshot size =

| caption =

| author = [[Scott James Remnant]]

| developer = [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]]

| released =

| latest release version =

| latest release date =

| operating system = [[Unix-like]]

| genre = [[Command (computing)|Command]]

| license =

| website =

}}

In [[Unix]] and [[Linux]], the <code>shutdown</code> command can be used to turn off or [[Booting|reboot]] a computer. Only the [[superuser]] or a user with special privileges can shut the system down.

One commonly issued form of this command is <code>shutdown -h now</code>, which will shut down a system immediately. Another one is <code>shutdown -r now</code> to reboot. Another form allows the user to specify an exact time or a delay before shutdown: <code>shutdown -h 20:00</code> will turn the computer off at 8:00 PM, and <code>shutdown -r -t 60+1</code> will automatically reboot the machine within 60 secondsin (one minute) of issuing the command.<ref>{{man|8|shutdown|die.net}}</ref>

==See also==

Line 84 ⟶ 120:

|last = Spolsky

|first = Joel

|authorlinkauthor-link = Joel Spolsky

|date = 21 November 2006

|accessdateaccess-date = 25 August 2010

}}

*{{Cite book|first=William R.|last=Stanek|year=2008|title=Windows Command-Line Administrator's Pocket Consultant, 2nd Edition|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|isbn=978-0735622623}}

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==External links==

{{Wikibooks|Guide to Windows Commands}}

*[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown shutdown |{{!}} Microsoft Docs]

*[http://www.shutdown.cc shutdown.cc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022042235/http://www.shutdown.cc/ |date=22 October 2020 }} – an article about various ways of automated and manual shutting down of Microsoft Windows

{{Unix commands}}