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{{Short description|Remove power from a computer's main components in a controlled way}}
{{Other uses|Shutdown (disambiguation){{!}}Shutdown}}
{{redirect|Shutdown.exe|the album|Shutdown.exe (album)}}
{{redirect|Shutdown -r|the episode of ''Mr. Robot''|Shutdown -r (Mr. Robot)}}
{{redirect|Power down|the book|Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
[[File:Windows XP Shutdown.png|200px|thumb|[[Windows XP]] shutdown dialog box]]
[[File:Windows 11 Power Options.png|200px|thumb|[[Windows 11]] power menu, opened from the [[Start menu]]]]
To '''shut down''' or '''power off''' a computer is to [[switch|remove power]] from a computer's main components in a controlled way. After a computer is shut down, main components such as [[Central processing unit|CPU]]s, [[Random-access memory|RAM]] modules and [[hard disk drive]]s are powered down, although some internal components, such as an internal clock, may retain power.
==Implementations==
The shutdown feature and [[command (computing)|command]] is available in [[Microsoft]] [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref>[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-xp/bb491003(v%3dtechnet.10) Shutdown | Microsoft Docs]</ref> [[ReactOS]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/reactos/reactos/blob/master/base/applications/shutdown/shutdown.c|title=Reactos/Reactos|date=26 October 2021|website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref> [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] [[HP Multi-Programming Executive|MPE/iX]],<ref>[http://h20628.www2.hp.com/km-ext/kmcsdirect/emr_na-c01687363-4.pdf MPE/iX Commands Reference Manual – HP 3000 MPE/iX Computer Systems – Edition 11]</ref> and in a number of [[Unix]] and [[Unix-like]] operating systems such as [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[macOS]].
===Microsoft Windows and ReactOS===
[[File:Shutdown Options 7.png|200px|thumb|Shutdown options have been moved from a separate dialog box to the [[start menu]], in [[Windows Vista]] and later versions of Microsoft Windows. The above is from [[Windows 7]]
In [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[ReactOS]], a PC or server is shut down by selecting the
Just like other operating systems, Windows has the option to prohibit selected users from shutting down a computer. On a home PC, every user may have the shutdown option, but in computers on large networks (such as [[Active Directory]]), an administrator can revoke the access rights of selected users to shut down a Windows computer. Nowadays there are many software utilities which can automate the task of shutting down a Windows computer, enabling automatic computer control. The Windows Shutdown website lists various software utilities to automate the task of shutting down.
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|title = NtShutdownSystem
|url = http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/source/usermode/undocumented%20functions/hardware/ntshutdownsystem.html
|
|date = 2001-02-25
|url-status = dead
|
|
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
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| name = shutdown
| logo =
| screenshot =
| screenshot size = 320px
| caption = The <code>shutdown</code> command on [[Windows
| developer = [[Microsoft]], ReactOS Contributors
| released =
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| website = {{URL|https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown}}
}}
There is also a <code>shutdown</code> [[command (computing)|command]] that can be executed within a [[shell (computing)|command shell]] window. <code>[[shutdown.exe]]</code> is the [[command-line interface|command-line]] shutdown application (located in '''%windir%\System32\shutdown.exe
{| class="wikitable"
!Parameter
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|-
| -m[\\ ''Computer Name'']
|When shutting down a network computer, allows
which computer to turn off.
|-
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===Apple macOS===
[[File:MacOS_Shutdown_Box.png|200px|thumb|[[macOS]] power management dialog box]]
In [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[macOS]] the computer can be shut down by choosing "Shut Down…" from the [[Apple Menu]], by pressing {{Keypress|Control|Power}} key/button (or {{Keypress|Media Eject}} key), or by pressing the power key to bring up the power management dialog box and selecting button "Shut down". An administrator may also use the Unix <code>shutdown</code> [[command (computing)|command]] as well.<ref>{{man|8|shutdown|Darwin}}</ref> It can also be shut down by pressing
===Unix and Linux===
{{Infobox software
In [[Unix]] and [[Linux]], the <code>shutdown</code> command can be used to turn off or [[Booting|reboot]] a computer. Only the [[superuser]] can shut the system down.▼
| name = shutdown
| logo =
| screenshot =
| screenshot size =
| caption =
| author = [[Scott James Remnant]]
| developer = [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]]
| released =
| latest release version =
| latest release date =
| operating system = [[Unix-like]]
| genre = [[Command (computing)|Command]]
| license =
| website =
}}
▲In [[Unix]] and [[Linux]], the <code>shutdown</code> command can be used to turn off or [[Booting|reboot]] a computer. Only the [[superuser]] or a user with special privileges can shut the system down.
One commonly issued form of this command is <code>shutdown -h now</code>, which will shut down a system immediately. Another one is <code>shutdown -r now</code> to reboot. Another form allows the user to specify an exact time or a delay before shutdown: <code>shutdown -h 20:00</code> will turn the computer off at 8:00 PM, and <code>shutdown -r
==See also==
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|last = Spolsky
|first = Joel
|
|date = 21 November 2006
|
}}
*{{Cite book|first=William R.|last=Stanek|year=2008|title=Windows Command-Line Administrator's Pocket Consultant, 2nd Edition|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|isbn=978-0735622623}}
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==External links==
{{Wikibooks|Guide to Windows Commands}}
*[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown shutdown
*[http://www.shutdown.cc shutdown.cc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022042235/http://www.shutdown.cc/ |date=22 October 2020 }} – an article about various ways of automated and manual shutting down of Microsoft Windows
{{Unix commands}}
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