Progressive utilization theory: Difference between revisions

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== History ==

[[File:PRSarkar GentlemanPhoto 3.jpg|thumb|P.R. Sarkar, propounder of PROUT]]

{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (sidebar)}}

In 1959, [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Sarkar]] started to develop the ideas of Prout. In 1961, the theory was formally outlined in his book ''Ananda Sutram'', published under his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti.{{r|Irving}}

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[[Ravi Batra]] was one of the first economists that used the ideas of Prout in his bestseller ''[[The Great Depression of 1990]]''. In time, the theory attracted attention of people like [[Johan Galtung]], founder of the UN Institute for Peace studies who claimed that ''"Sarkar’s theory is far superior to [[Adam Smith|Adam Smith’s]] or that of [[Karl Marx|Marx]]."'' <ref name=":16" />

According to a description by Terry Irving and [[Rowan Cahill]], Prout "envisages a decentralised, community-based world economy of self-sufficiency for the poor; economic democracy; small business; and limits on the accumulation of wealth."<ref name=Irving/> [[Sohail Inayatullah]] stated that the philosophy "attempts to balance the need for societies to create wealth and grow with the requirements for distribution."<ref name=Inayatullah /> [[David Skrbina]] characterized Prout as a "model of social development... which advocates a 'small is beautiful' approach to society."<ref name=Skrbina /> Economics instructor Mark Friedman places Sarkar's economic thought in the tradition of Monsignor [[John A. Ryan]], [[E. F. Schumacher]] and [[Herman Daly]] in Sarkar's incorporation of spiritual values into economic goals.<ref name=Friedman />

It has been characterized as a form of "progressive socialism"<ref name=Ellwood /> as well as a "socialist theory".<ref name=Crovetto2008/>

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Some political parties support the progressive utilization theory. They are:

* [[Amra Bangali]]

* [[Human World (political party)|Human World]]

* [[Progressive Party of Aotearoa New Zealand]]

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<ref name=Crovetto2008>{{cite journal|last=Crovetto|first=Helen|title=Ananda Marga and the Use of Force|journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |date=August 2008|volume=12|issue=1|pages=26–56 |doi=10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.toc|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|jstor=10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.26}}</ref>

<ref name=Crovetto2011>{{cite book |year=2011 |last=Crovetto |first=Helen |editor-last=Lewis |editor1editor-first=James R. |editor1-last=Lewis|editor1editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Violence and New Religious Movements |yeartitle-link=2011|publisher=[[OxfordViolence Universityand Press]]|___location=New York|isbn=9780199735631|pages=9,Religious 258–263|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CqS3ILwnmsC|access-date=JanuaryMovements 19, 2013|chapter=Ananda Marga, PROUT, and the Use of Force |chapter-url___location=https://books.google.com/books?idNew York |publisher=5CqS3ILwnmsC&pg[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=PA249978-0-19-973563-1 |language=en|pages=9, 258–263}}</ref>

<ref name=Ellwood>{{cite book|last=Ellwood|first=Robert S.|title=Islands of the Dawn: The Story of Alternative Spirituality in New Zealand|year=1993|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|isbn=9780824814878|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmwK3xu4PAgC|page=230|access-date=January 12, 2013|chapter=Appendix 2: The 1960s and After}}</ref>

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[[Category:Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]

[[Category:Economic democracy]]

[[Category:Theocracy]]

[[Category:Indian political philosophy]]