End-user computing: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Systems in which users can make apps}}

'''End-user computing''' ('''EUC''') refers to systems in which non-programmers can create working [[Application software|application]]s.<ref name="EUC">{{cite conference | url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1120304 | title=End-user computing | publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] | access-date=30 December 2015 | author=Goodall, Howie | book-title=CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems | date = March 1997 | conference=ACM CHI 97 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference | ___location=Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, United States of America | pages=132 | isbn=0-89791-926-2}}</ref> EUC is a group of approaches to computing that aim to better integrate [[user (computing)|end users]] into the computing environment. These approaches attempt to realize the potential for high-end computing to perform problem-solving in a trustworthy manner.<ref>McBride, Neil, "[https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/213 Towards User-Oriented control of End-User Computing in Large Organizations]"</ref><ref>Mahmood, Adam, [http://www.idea-group.com/bookseries/details.asp?id=3 Advances in End User Computing Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129022235/http://www.idea-group.com/bookseries/details.asp?id=3 |date=2007-01-29 }} University of Texas, USA, {{ISSN|1537-9310}}</ref>

{{howto|date=July 2021}}

'''End-user computing''' ('''EUC''') refers to systems in which non-programmers[[programmer]]s can create working [[Application software|application]]s.<ref name="EUC">{{cite conference | url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1120304 | title=End-user computing | publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] | access-date=30 December 2015 | author=Goodall, Howie | book-title=CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems | date = March 1997 | conference=ACM CHI 97 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference | ___location=Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, United States of America | pages=132 | isbn=0-89791-926-2}}</ref> EUC is a group of approaches to computing that aim to better integrate [[user (computing)|end users]] into the computing environment. These approaches attempt to realize the potential for high-end computing to perform problem-solving in a trustworthy manner.<ref>McBride, Neil, "[https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/213 Towards User-Oriented control of End-User Computing in Large Organizations]"</ref><ref>Mahmood, Adam, [http://www.idea-group.com/bookseries/details.asp?id=3 Advances in End User Computing Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129022235/http://www.idea-group.com/bookseries/details.asp?id=3 |date=2007-01-29 }} University of Texas, USA, {{ISSN|1537-9310}}</ref>

End-user computing can range in complexity from users simply clicking a series of buttons, to [citizen developers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/citizen-developer|title=Definition citizenof developers]Citizen Developer - Gartner Information Technology Glossary}}</ref> writing scripts in a controlled [[scripting language]], to being able to modify and execute code directly.

Examples of end-user computing are systems built using [[fourth-generation programming language]]s, such as [[MAPPER]] or [[SQL]], or one of the [[fifth-generation programming language]]s, such as [[ICAD (software)|ICAD]].

==Factors==

Factors contributing to the need for further EUC research include [[knowledge]] processing, [[pervasive computing]], issues of [[Upperupper ontology (computer science)|ontology]], [[interactive visualization]], and the like.

Some of the issues related to end-user computing concern [[software architecture]] ([[Graphical user interface|iconic]] versus language interfaces, open versus closed,{{clarify|date=July 2013}} and others). Other issues relate to [[intellectual property]], configuration and maintenance. End-user computing allows more user-input into system affairs that can range from [[personalization]] to full-fledged ownership of a system.

==EUC strategy==

EUC applications should not be evolved by accident, but there should be a defined EUC strategy.{{cncitation needed|date=May 2016}} Any [[Application Architecture]] Strategy / IT Strategy should consider the white spaces in automation (enterprise functionality not automated by [[Enterprise resource planning | ERP]] / [[Enterprise Grade Applications]]). These are the potential areas where EUC can play a major role.{{cncitation needed|date=May 2016}} Then ASSIMPLER parameters{{which?|date=May 2016}} should be applied{{by whom?|date=May 2016}} to these white spaces to develop the EUC strategy. (ASSIMPLER stands for availability, scalability, security, interoperability, maintainability, performance, low [[cost of ownership]], extendibility and reliability.<ref>

EUC applications should not be evolved by accident, but there should be a defined EUC strategy.{{cn|date=May 2016}} Any [[Application Architecture]] Strategy / IT Strategy should consider the white spaces in automation (enterprise functionality not automated by [[Enterprise resource planning | ERP]] / [[Enterprise Grade Applications]]). These are the potential areas where EUC can play a major role.{{cn|date=May 2016}} Then ASSIMPLER parameters{{which?|date=May 2016}} should be applied{{by whom?|date=May 2016}} to these white spaces to develop the EUC strategy. (ASSIMPLER stands for availability, scalability, security, interoperability, maintainability, performance, low [[cost of ownership]], extendibility and reliability.<ref>

Compare: {{cite web

|last1= Vanarse|first1= Mandar|title= Business Value Assurance during the transformation journey.

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==EUC risk drivers==

Business owners should understand that every user-controlled app shouldneeds to be monitored and supervised. Otherwise, theyorganization risk facing a lot of problems and losses if end-users don’t follow company policy or leave their job. In functions such as finance, accounting and regulated activities, unmanaged EUC may expose the organization to regulatory compliance issues and fines.

When applied in finance, accounting or regulated activities, endEnd-user computer posescomputing operating and business risks may be driven by:

* lack of rigorous testing;

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* lack of maintenance processes;

* lack of security;

* lack of audit trail, ;

* overreliance on manual controls.

==EUC risk management software==

Many companies elect to leverage software to manage their EUC risks. Software can provide many benefits to organizations, including:

* automation of risk management activities;

* reduction in manual effort required for manual controls;

* version controls for EUC applications;

* change controls for EUC applications.

Examples of EUC risk software include:

* apparity<ref>{{cite web |title=End-user computing risk management solution of the year: Apparity |url=https://www.insuranceerm.com/content/awards/insuranceerm-annual-awards-2023-uk-and-europe/winners/end-user-computing-risk-management-solution-of-the-year-apparity.html |website=InsuranceERM |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>

==See also==

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==External links==

* [http://eusesconsortium.org/ EUSES Consortium, a collaboration that researches end-user computing.]

* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308778531_RELATIONSHIP_BETWEEN_LEADERSHIP_AND_MORTGAGE_BANKING_END-USER_COMPUTING_EFFICIENCY] Relationship Between Leadership and EUC Efficiency]

[[Category:Human–computer interaction]]