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A GNSS receiver, in general, is an electronic device that receives and digitally processes the signals from a navigation satellite constellation in order to provide position, velocity and time (of the receiver).
GNSS receivers have been traditionally implemented in hardware: a ''hardware GNSS receiver'' is conceived as a dedicated chip that
In a software GNSS receiver, all digital processing is performed by a general purpose [[microprocessor]]. In this approach, a small amount of inexpensive hardware is still needed, known as the ''[[RF front end|frontend]]'', that digitizes the signal from the satellites. The microprocessor can then work on this ''raw'' digital stream to implement the GNSS functionality.
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* Hardware GNSS receivers are in general more efficient from the point of view of both computational load and power consumption since they have been designed in a highly specialized way with the only purpose of implementing the GNSS processing.
* Software GNSS receivers allow a huge flexibility: many features of the receiver can be modified just through software. This provides the receiver with adaptive capabilities, depending on the user's needs and working conditions. In addition, the receiver can be easily upgraded via software.<ref>[
* Under some assumptions, Software GNSS receivers can be more profitable for some applications, as long as sufficient computational power is available (and can be shared among multiple applications). For example, the microprocessor of a [[smartphone]] can be used to provide GNSS navigation with the only need of including a frontend (instead of a full, more expensive, hardware receiver).
Currently, most of the GNSS receiver market is still ''hardware''. However, there already exist operational solutions based on the software approach able to run on low-cost microprocessors. Software GNSS receivers are expected to increase their market share or even take over in the near future, following the development of the computational capabilities of the microprocessors ([[Moore's law]]).
== Comparison of GNSS SDR implementations ==
{{Needs table|section=y|date=August 2015}}
*'''Galileo Satellite Navigation LTD.- GSN''':
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*** Multi-correlator: yes
*** Sample data recording: yes
*** [[Multipath mitigation]]: yes (several algorithms)
* '''GNSS-SDRLIB'''
**''General information:''
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*** Position estimation: yes (through RTKLIB)
*** Maximum number of real-time channels demonstrated: ?
* '''ARAMIS
**''Versions:''
*** Free academic version
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*** User interface (none, [[Command-line interface|CLI]], [[GUI]]): CLI.
*** Number of developers: 26 (along the project)
*** Under active development (as-of date): yes (
*** Creator/sponsor organization: Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya
*** Latest release (version and date): 0.0.
*** First release (version and date): 2011-Mar-11 first svn commit
** ''Hardware support:''
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*** Maximum number of real-time channels demonstrated: > 100
*** Output formats: [[RINEX]], [[KML]], [[GPS Exchange Format|GPX]], [[GeoJSON]], [[NMEA_0183|NMEA]], [[RTCM]], intermediate results stored in binary .mat files readable from [[MATLAB]] and [[GNU_Octave|Octave]], and from [[Python_(programming_language)|Python]] via h5py.
* '''GRID''', Generalized Radionavigation Interfusion Device
**''General information:''
***[[Software licence]]: Commercial
***Publication: [https://radionavlab.ae.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Nichols_ION_GNSS_2022.pdf Software-Defined GNSS is Ready for Launch]
***Contact: [https://radionavlab.ae.utexas.edu/contact/ Radionavigation Laboratory], [https://locuslock.com/contact-3/ Locus Lock]
** ''Development:''
*** Programming language: C++
*** Platforms: Linux, Windows, MacOS
*** User interface (none, [[Command-line interface|CLI]], [[GUI]]): CLI.
*** Number of developers: 15 (along the project)
*** Under active development (as-of date): yes (2023-Apr-28)
*** Creator/sponsor organization: University of Texas at Austin
*** Latest release (version and date): 2022 annual release
*** First release (version and date): 2008-Jul-01
** ''Hardware support:''
*** Front-ends: Several and, practically speaking, any.
*** Host computer special hardware supported: Intel SIMD (SSE2 through AVX-512), ARM NEON (64-bit and 128-bit)
*** Multicore supported?: Yes
** ''GNSS/SBAS signals support:''
*** [[GPS]]: L1CA, L2C, L5
*** [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]]: E1b, E1c, E5a
*** [[QZSS]]: L1CA
*** [[SBAS]]: WAAS L1
** ''Features:''
*** Acquisition: yes (several algorithms)
*** Tracking: yes (several algorithms)
*** Generating pseudo-range observable: yes
*** Generating carrier-phase observable: yes
*** Decoding navigation data: yes
*** Position estimation: yes
*** Multiple antennas: yes
*** Real-time Kinematic: yes, GRID can function as an RTK-base station or rover with integrated network support, RTK estimation when integrated with PpEngine (available through separate license)
*** Differential corrections: yes, CNAV and SBAS
*** Maximum number of real-time channels: Hardware-dependent, 30 on a Raspberry Pi 1, >100 on most desktop computers.
*** Output formats: [[RINEX]], [[KML]], [[MATLAB]] .mat files, CSV, proprietary GBX (GRID binary exchange) format.
*** Current applications: experimental FOTON receiver, several GNSS-RO commercial applications, commercial LEO satellite on-board navigation, RTK-based rocket navigation (launch-to-orbit), RTK-based vehicle navigation in urban environments, RTK-based drone, several fixed reference stations, signal abnormality monitoring
== References ==
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== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518041701/http://www.gps-practice-and-fun.com/software-gps.html Software GPS has many advantages]
* [http://home.earthlink.net/~cwkelley/ A starting point for learning about GPS with Open Source Software] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830101733/http://home.earthlink.net/%7Ecwkelley/ |date=2012-08-30 }}
* [https://gpsgeometer.com/en/blog/mitigation-of-ionospheric-effects-on-gnss-positioning Mitigation of ionospheric effects on GNSS positioning]
[[Category:Computing comparisons]]
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