Dynamic HTML: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Coding interactive or animated websites}}

{{Manualhow-to|date=DecemberJanuary 20082025}}

{{Html series}}

'''[[Dynamic]] HTML''', or '''DHTML''', is a term which was used by some browser vendors to describe the combination of [[HTML]], [[Style sheet (web development)|style sheet]]s and [[Dynamic web page#Client-side scripting|client-side scripts]] ([[JavaScript]], [[VBScript]], or any other supported scripts) that enabled the creation of interactive and animated documents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Document Object Model FAQ|url=https://www.w3.org/DOM/faq.html#DHTML-DOM|access-date=2022-02-16|website=www.w3.orgW3C |date=October 22, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/#dynamic|title=Web Style Sheets|website=www.w3.orgW3C|access-date=7 April 2018 |date=22 July 1999}}</ref> The application of DHTML was introduced by [[Microsoft]] with the release of [[Internet Explorer 4]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=DHTML {{!}} A Quick Glance of DHTML with Components, Features, Need |url=https://www.educba.com/dhtml/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=EDUCBA |language=en-US |first=Priya |last=Pedamkar}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=November 2022}}

DHTML (Dynamic HTML) allows scripting languages, such as JavaScript, to changemodify [[variablevariables (programming)|variable]]sand elements in a web page's definition languagestructure, which in turn affectsaffect the look, behavior, and functionfunctionality of otherwise "static" HTML page content after the page has been fully loaded and during the viewing process. Thus the dynamic characteristic of DHTML is the way it functions while a page is viewed, not in its ability to generate a unique page with each page load.

By contrast, a [[dynamic web page]] is a broader concept, covering any web page generated differently for each user, load occurrence, or specific variable values. This includes pages created by client-side scripting and ones created by [[server-side scripting]] (such as [[PHP]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[JavaServer Pages|JSP]] or [[ASP.NET]]) where the [[web server]] generates content before sending it to the client.

DHTML is the predecessor of [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]] and DHTML pages are still request/reload-based. Under the DHTML model, there may not be any interaction between the client and server after the page is loaded; all processing happens on the client side. By contrast, Ajax extends features of DHTML to allow the page to initiate network requests (or 'subrequest') to the server even after page load to perform additional actions. For example, if there are multiple [[Tab (interface)|tabs]] on a page, the pure DHTML approach would load the contents of all tabs and then dynamically display only the one that is active, while AJAX could load each tab only when it is really needed.

== Uses ==

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* Include rollover buttons or drop-down menus.

A less common use is to create browser-based action games. Although a number of games were created using DHTML during the late 1990s and early 2000s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stephen's Web ~ Fun and Games With DHTML ~ |first=Stephen |last=Downes |date= Aug 18, 1999 |url=https://www.downes.ca/post/276 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=www.downes.caStephen's Web |language=en}}</ref> differences between browsers made this difficult: many techniques had to be implemented in code to enable the games to work on multiple platforms. RecentlyBrowsers browsershave havesince beenthen convergingconverged towardstoward [[web standards]], which has made the design of DHTML games more viable. Those games can be played on all major browsers and theyin can also be ported to [[KDE Plasma Workspaces|Plasma]] for [[KDE]], Widgets for [[macOS]],desktop and Gadgetsdevice forapplications [[Windowsthat Vista]],support whichembedded arebrowser based on DHTML codecontexts.

The term "DHTML" has fallen out of use in recent years as it was associated with practices and conventions that tended to not work well between various web browsers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ferguson |first1=Russ |last2=Heilmann |first2=Christian |title=Beginning JavaScript with DOM Scripting and Ajax |date=2013 |publisher=Berkeley, CA: Apress |pages=49–68 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4302-5093-7 |isbn=978-1-4302-5092-0 |s2cid=20526670 |url=https://link-springer-com.huaryu.kl.oakland.edu/content/pdf/10.1007/978-1-4302-5093-7.pdf |access-date=May 30, 2022}}</ref>

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DHTML support with extensive DOM access was introduced with [[Internet Explorer 4.0]]. Although there was a basic dynamic system with [[Netscape Navigator|Netscape Navigator 4.0]], not all HTML elements were represented in the DOM. When DHTML-style techniques became widespread, varying degrees of support among web browsers for the technologies involved made them difficult to develop and [[debug]]. Development became easier when [[Internet Explorer 5|Internet Explorer 5.0+]], [[Firefox|Mozilla Firefox]] 2.0+, and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 7.0+ adopted a shared [[Document Object Model|DOM]] inherited from [[ECMAScript]].

More recentlyLater, [[JavaScript library|JavaScript libraries]] such as [[jQuery]] have abstracted away many of the day-to-day difficulties in cross-browser DOM manipulation, though better standards compliance among browsers has reduced the need for this.

== Structure of a web page ==

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Typically a web page using DHTML is set up in the following way:

<syntaxhighlight lang="html5html">

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

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The following code illustrates an often-used function. An additional part of a web page will only be displayed if the user requests it.

<syntaxhighlight lang="html5html">

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

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let displayElement = document.getElementById("toggle-me");

let textElement = document.getElementById("showhide");

textElement.addEventListener("click", function (eevent) {

eevent.preventDefault();

changeDisplayState(displayElement, textElement);

});

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Inline styles are CSS style assignments that have been applied to an element using the style attribute. You can examine and set these styles by retrieving the style object for an individual element. For example, to highlight the text in a heading when the user moves the mouse pointer over it, you can use the style object to enlarge the font and change its color, as shown in the following simple example.

<syntaxhighlight lang="html5html">

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

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}

document.getElementById("clickable-link").addEventListener("click", function (eevent) {

eevent.preventDefault();

showMe();

});