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GreenC bot (talk | contribs) Reformat 2 archive links. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:USURPURL and JUDI batch #27al |
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* [[1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision]] accident over [[New Delhi]]
* 1999 Lambourne near-collision, involving a [[Boeing 737 Classic#737-300|Boeing 737-300]] and a [[Gulfstream IV]]. The airspace above [[Lambourne]] is the waiting zone for [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow]]. The event is notable as both planes entered the zone from different directions leading to an imminent head-on collision (one o'clock position). The traffic advisory (amber mark) almost immediately turned into a resolution advisory (red mark) with a projected time for collision of less than 25 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/aaib-reports/boeing-737-300-d-abek-and-gulfstream-iv-n77sw-26-february-1999|title=Boeing 737-300, D-ABEK and Gulfstream IV, N77SW, 26 February 1999|publisher=[[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]]|archive-url=https://
* [[2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident]], in which the Captain of Japan Airlines Flight 907 (a [[Boeing 747-400]]), 40-year old Makoto Watanabe ({{langx|ja|渡辺 誠|translit=Watanabe Makoto|label=none}}), chose to descend, ordered by the air traffic controller, when TCAS told the flight crew to climb, nearly colliding with the descending JAL Flight 958 [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|DC-10]] en route from [[Gimhae International Airport|Busan]] to Tokyo's [[Narita International Airport|Narita Airport]].
* [[2002 Überlingen mid-air collision]], between a [[Boeing 757]] and a [[Tupolev Tu-154]], where the Tupolev pilots declined to follow their TCAS resolution advisory (RA), instead following the directions of the air traffic controller, while the Boeing pilots followed their TCAS-RA, having no ATC instruction.
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[[File:ACAS Protection Volumes Diagram.svg|TCAS Volume|center]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Symbols used to depict nearby traffic on cockpit displays
|-
| style="color: aqua" | ◇
| Distant traffic
|-
| style="color: aqua" | ◆
| Traffic within 6 NM horizontally and 1200 feet vertically
|-
| style="color: gold" | ●
| Traffic close enough to trigger TA, within 40 seconds of potential collision
|-
| style="color: red" | ■
| Traffic close enough to trigger RA, within 25 seconds of potential collision
|}
=== System components ===
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100421004001/http://www.eurocontrol.int/msa/public/standard_page/ACAS_Upcoming_Changes.html TCAS II Version 7.1]
* [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/TCAS.htm Discussion of TCAS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831201200/http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/TCAS.htm |date=2005-08-31 }}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070209222607/http://www.airsport-corp.com/adsb2.htm Critical discussion of TCAS using hypothetical abuse/exploit scenarios of TCAS usage]}}
* [http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/TCAS%20II%20V7.1%20Intro%20booklet.pdf Introduction to TCAS II Version 7.1]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110612131435/http://www.eurocontrol.int/msa/gallery/content/public/documents/SIRE+_WP7_69D_v1.2.pdf Decision criteria for regulatory measures on TCAS II version 7.1]
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