Common external tariff: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Aspect of a customs union}}

{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}

{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}

A '''common external [[tariff]]''' must be introduced when a group of countries forms a [[customs union]]. The same customs duties, [[import quota]]s, preferences or other [[non-tariff barriers to trade]] apply to all goods entering the area, regardless of which country within the area they are entering. It is designed to end [[re-exportation]]; but it may also inhibit imports from countries outside the [[customs union]] and thereby diminish consumer choice and support [[protectionism]] of industries based within the [[customs union]].

{{globalise|article|date=September 2022|West Africa (ECOWAS)}}

A '''common external [[tariff]]''' '''(CET)''' must be introduced when a group of countries forms a [[customs union]]. The same customs duties, [[import quota]]s, preferences or other [[non-tariff barriers to trade]] apply to all goods entering the area, regardless of which country within the area they are entering. It is designed to end [[re-exportation]]; but it may also inhibit imports from countries outside the [[customs union]] and thereby diminish [[consumer choice]] and support [[protectionism]] of industries based within the [[customs union. The common external tariff is a mild form of economic union but may lead to further types of [[economic integration]]. In addition to having the same customs duties, the countries may have other common trade policies, such as having the same quotas, preferences or other non-tariff trade regulations apply to all goods entering the area, regardless of which country, within the area, they are entering.

The main goal of the Custom Unions is to limit external influence, liberalize intra-regional trade, promote economic development and diversification in industrialization in the Community.

The common external tariff is a mild form of economic union but may lead to further types of economic integration. In addition to having the same customs duties, the countries may have other common trade policies, such as having the same quotas, preferences or other non-tariff trade regulations apply to all goods entering the area, regardless of which country, within the area, they are entering.

Important examplesExamples of a common external tariff are thatthose of the [[Mercosur]] countries ([[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[Venezuela]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Uruguay]]), asthe wellEconomic asCommunity of West African States, the Common Customs Tariff of the [[Eurasian Economic Community customs union]] and the [[European Union Customs Union]].

==Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)==

Similar to free trade areas, however external countries have to pay tax on goods and services that are entering.

The structure of the CET is related to the internalization of terms-of-trade effects in the Common External Tariff which has the following Structure as adopted by the [[ECOWAS]] [[Council of Ministers]] at its 70th ordinary session in June 2013 is as follows <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aidfortrade.ecowas.int/programmes/ecowas-common-external-tariff-cet?cbiekngdjecjecje%3Fgdjmohdjmohdjmgl|title=ECOWAS Common External Tariff|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127224352/http://www.aidfortrade.ecowas.int/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi?cbiekngdjecjecje%3Fgdjmohdjmohdjmgl|archive-date=2021-01-27|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

|Category

|Type of Goods

|Duty Rate

|-

|0

|Basic Social Goods

|0%

|-

|1

|Basic Goods, Raw Goods, Capital Goods

|5%

|-

|2

|Inputs and Semi-Finished Goods

|10%

|-

|3

|Finished Goods

|20%

|-

|4

|Specific Goods for Economic Development

|35%

|}

The goods declared to Customs in the Community, must generally be classified according to the CET. Imported and exported goods must be declared stating under type they fall. This determines which rate of customs duty applies and how the goods are treated for statistical purposes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/10309238/|title=INTRODUCTION TO THE ECOWAS COMMON EXTERNAL TARIFF ALBERT AKURUGU SENIOR REVENUE OFFICER GRA CUSTOMS DIVISION. - ppt download|website=slideplayer.com|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>

===Benefits of the CET===

==See also==

* Increasing the Intra-regional trade: guarantying the availability of more goods to be traded regionally.

* Prevention of trade diversion

* The CET would provide durability in trade: traders would be able to make plans with the confidence that the tariff is constant. Policies affecting import tariffs can no longer be changed arbitrarily. This will ensure the attraction of more foreign direct investments.

* The enlargement of domestic market resulting a rise on turnover: this will lead the region to become a single market for imported goods.

* Increase in [[economies of scale]] resulting in the enlargement of internal industries.

* Increased production and productivity: with a large market to satisfy, production opportunities would increase.

* Casting down smuggling: smuggling is often encouraged by the difference in tariffs, but when a region applies a common tariff, this will remove the necessity of buying smuggled products in regions which previously had high tariffs of the same goods.

<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CET_Factsheet_EN.pdf|title=The common external tariff (cet) Structure, Benefits, Challenges and the Way Forward of the CET|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827214446/http://www.ecowas.int:80/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CET_Factsheet_EN.pdf |archive-date=2018-08-27 |access-date=}}</ref>

===Costs of regional integration===

* Having a single market ensures a competitive environment for both consumers and markets which make monopolies existence hard. Among the consequences of these unique markets is that ineffective companies market share will decrease and it may have to close down.

* Some sectors of the national economy may undergo of negative impact  due to an increase on international competitiveness, which the main reason is the transition to single markets, specially companies that used to benefit of national market protection may have a hard time to deal against their more efficient peers. Eventually, if the enterprise go wrong on organizing their methods, it will fail.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

* [[Customs]]

* [[Harmonized System|Harmonized System (World Customs Organisation)]]

* [[Combined Nomenclature|Combined Nomenclature (EU)]]

== References ==

<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Common External Tariff}}

[[Category:InternationalCustoms tradeunions]]

[[Category:Protectionism]]

{{Econ-stub}}