Booted racket-tail: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Genus of birds}}

{{Automatic Taxobox

| name =

| image = Ocreatus underwoodii, Booted Racket-tail (Ocreatus underwoodii) (20700863672).jpg

| image_caption = maleMale "Anna's"[[white-booted racket-tail]]

| regnumtaxon = [[Animal]]iaOcreatus

| phylumauthority = [[ChordateJohn Gould|ChordataGould]], 1846

| type_species = ''[[Rufous-booted racket-tail|Trochilus addae]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=80 |title= Trochilidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-08-05}}</ref>

| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]

| type_species_authority = [[Jules Bourcier|Bourcier]], 1846

| ordo = [[Apodiformes]]

| familiarange_map = [[Ocreatus (Trochilidae]] genus) map.svg

| genusrange_map_caption = '''Distribution of the genus ''Ocreatus''''' in green

| genus_authority = [[John Gould|Gould]], 1846

}}

The '''booted racket-tails''' are a small group of [[hummingbird]]s in the genus '''''Ocreatus''''' that was long considered to have only one species, ''O. underwoodii''. They are native to [[cloud forest]] edges in the South American [[Andes]] and [[Maritime Andes]]. They are relatively small (even compared to most other hummingbirds) and primarily iridescent green with white or rufous-buff leg-puffs ("boots"). The leg-puffs are more conspicuous in males, which also have a pair of dark bluish [[Racket (sports equipment)|racket]]-shaped extensions to the tail.<ref name=Schuchmann2016/>

'''''Ocreatus''''' is a genus of hummingbird that was long considered to have only one species, the [[booted racket-tail]] ''O. underwoodii''; field research by Karl-L. Schuchmann published in 2016 found notable differences between some populations traditionally assigned to ''O. underwoodii'', however, and recommended that the taxa ''annae'', ''addae'', and ''peruanus'' be raised to species level.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): Evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior | journal= Zootaxa | doi= 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.3 | url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311004563_Biogeography_and_taxonomy_of_racket-tail_hummingbirds_Aves_Trochilidae_Ocreatus_Evidence_for_species_delimitation_from_morphology_and_display_behavior}}</ref> The research results have been mostly accepted by the IOC, with more data required for the species status of [[Anna's racket-tail]].<ref>[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/proposed-splits/]</ref> The Anna's racket-tail requires more data for the species status, so it is included as a subspecies of the [[rufous-booted racket-tail]].<ref>[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/proposed-splits/]</ref>

==Taxonomy==

The genus ''Ocreatus'' was described by [[John Gould]] in 1846. During the 19th century, several populations were described as different species, but since the mid-20th century authorities generally only recognized a single widespread species, ''O. underwoodii'', with several [[subspecies]]. Research published in 2016, however, argued that three subspecies groups, ''addae'', ''annae'' and ''peruanus'', that are mostly [[allopatric]] (only ''peruanus'' and ''underwoodii'' have ranges that are known to very locally come into contact) were sufficiently different for raising them to species level.<ref name=Schuchmann2016>{{cite journal | title=Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): Evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4200 | issue=1 | pages=83 | doi= 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.3 | pmid=27988640 | url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311004563| year=2016 | last1=Schuchmann | first1=Karl-L. | last2=Weller | first2=André-A. | last3=Jürgens | first3=Dietmar }}</ref> The research results have been mostly accepted by the [[International Ornithological Union]], with more data required for the species status of Anna's racket-tail (''annae''), which they instead regard as a subspecies of ''O. addae''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/proposed-splits/ | title=Proposed Splits/Lumps « IOC World Bird List}}</ref> The [[American Ornithological Society]] has yet to recognize the split and continue to place all in a single widespread species.

===Species===

The genus contains three species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=2 January 2020 }}</ref>

{{Species table |genus= Ocreatus |authority-name=[[John Gould|Gould]]|authority-year= 1846 |species-count=three|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

*|name= [[Peruvian racket-tail]] (''|binomial=[[Ocreatus peruanus'')]]

|image=File:Peruvian Racket-tail JCB.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Peruvian Racket-tail (f) JCB.jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Gould |authority-year= 1849|authority-not-original=yes

|range= eastern Ecuador and northern Peru

|range-image=File:Ocreatus peruanus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

*|name=[[Rufous-booted  racket-tail]] ('' |binomial=[[Ocreatus addae'')]]

|image=File:Ocreatus addae (Rufous-booted Racket-tail), Paucartambo, Peru.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|authority-name=Bourcier|authority-year= 1846 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= southern Peru (''annae'') and Bolivia (''addae'')

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

*|name=[[White-booted racket-tail]] (''|binomial=[[Ocreatus underwoodii'')]]

|image=File:Booted Racket tail JCB.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Hummer Close-up (29206404316).jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Lesson |authority-year= 1832|authority-not-original=yes

|range= northwestern Venezuela, Colombia and western Ecuador

|range-image=File:Ocreatus underwoodii map 2.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Five subspecies |bullets=on

|''O. u. polystictus'' [[W. E. Clyde Todd|Todd]], 1942

|''O. u. discifer'' ([[Ferdinand Heine|Heine]], 1863)

|''O. u. underwoodii'' ([[René Lesson|Lesson]], 1832)

|''O. u. incommodus'' ([[Otto Kleinschmidt|Kleinschmidt]], 1943)

|''O. u. melanantherus'' ([[Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet|Jardine]], 1851)

}}

}}

{{Species table/end}}

*[[Peruvian racket-tail]] (''Ocreatus peruanus'')

*[[Rufous-booted racket-tail]] (''Ocreatus addae'')

*[[White-booted racket-tail]] (''Ocreatus underwoodii'')

==References==

{{reflistReflist}}

{{taxonbar}}

==See also==

* [[Marvelous spatuletail]] (''Loddigesia mirabilis'') - another Andean hummingbird with a somewhat similar tail

* [[Racket-tailed coquette]] (''Discosura longicaudus'') - a hummingbird of northeastern and eastern South America with a somewhat similar tail

{{Strisores|T.|state=collapsed}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10802315|from2=Q30702205}}

[[Category:TrochilidaeOcreatus| ]]

[[Category:Birds of the Northern Andes]]