Latent and observable variables: Difference between revisions

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* extraversion<ref name="status">{{cite journal |last1=Borsboom |first1=D. |author2-link=Gideon J. Mellenbergh |last2=Mellenbergh, G.J. |last3=van Heerden |first3=J. |title=The Theoretical Status of Latent Variables |journal=Psychological Review |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=203–219 |year=2003 |doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.203 |pmid=12747522 |url=http://rhowell.ba.ttu.edu/BorsboomLatentvars2003.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.134.9704 |access-date=2008-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120044039/http://rhowell.ba.ttu.edu/BorsboomLatentvars2003.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* spatial ability<ref name="status"/>

* wisdom: “Two of the more predominant means of assessing wisdom include wisdom-related performance and latent variable measures.”<ref name="wisdom">{{cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=Jeffrey A. |last2=Brown |first2=Scott C. |title=The Wisdom Development Scale: Further Validity Investigations |journal=International Journal of Aging and Human Development |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=289–320 (at p. 291) |year=2009 |pmid=19711618 |doi=10.2190/AG.68.4.b }}</ref>

* [[Spearman's g]], or the [[g factor (psychometrics)|general intelligence factor]] in [[psychometrics]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Spearman | first1 = C. | author-link = Charles Spearman| title = "General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured | journal = The American Journal of Psychology | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 201–292 | doi = 10.2307/1412107 | year = 1904 | jstor = 1412107 }}</ref>

===Economics===

{{unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}

Examples of latent variables from the field of [[economics]] include [[quality of life]], business confidence, morale, happiness and conservatism: these are all variables which cannot be measured directly. ButHowever, by linking these latent variables to other, observable variables, the values of the latent variables can be inferred from measurements of the observable variables. Quality of life is a latent variable which cannot be measured directly, so observable variables are used to infer quality of life. Observable variables to measure quality of life include wealth, employment, environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging.

===Medicine===