Help:IPA/Greek: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:49, 28 April 2022

Latest revision as of 08:59, 20 May 2025

(28 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{IPA key|H:IPA-EL|H:IPA-GRC}}

The charts below show how the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents the[[Greek language|Greek]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles, separated into [[Ancient Greek]] (AG) and [[Modern Greek]] (MG) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The Ancient Greek pronunciation shownpresented here is a [[linguistic reconstruction|reconstruction]] of the [[Attic Greek|Attic dialect]] in the 5th century BC. For otheralternative Ancient Greek dialects, such as [[Doric Greek|Doric]], [[Aeolic Greek|Aeolic]], or [[Koine Greek]], please seeuse {{tlpara|IPA-allgeneric|yes}}. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|[[Template:IPA-el}}]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See [[Ancient Greek phonology]] and [[Modern Greek phonology]] for a more thorough look at their sounds.

{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}}

{|

Line 14 ⟶ 16:

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|κ}}

| {{lang|el|'''κ'''ιόλας}}<ref name="palatal">In Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|κ; γκ, γγ; γ; χ}}}} are pronounced as palatal {{IPA|[c, ɟ, ʝ, ç]}} before the front vowels {{IPA|[e i]}}, and velar {{IPA|[k, gɡ, ɣ, x]}} in other cases.</ref>

| s'''k'''ew

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|κ, ξ}}

| {{lang|el|'''κ'''ατά, '''ξ'''ένος}}<ref name="sibilant">{{angbr|{{lang|grc|ζ}}}} represented the cluster {{IPA|[zd]}} in Classical Attic, but it represents {{IPA|[z]}} in Modern Greek. In both Ancient and Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|σ}}}} is pronounced as voiced {{IPA|[z]}} before a voiced consonant, and {{angbr|{{lang|el|ξ, ψ}}}} represent {{IPA|[ks ps]}}.</ref><ref name="palatal" />

| s'''c'''ar

|-

Line 31 ⟶ 33:

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{lang|el|χ}}

| similar to strongly aspirated '''h'''at,<br>[[Scottish English]] lo'''ch''', German Ba'''ch'''

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ç˗|ç}}</big>

Line 39 ⟶ 41:

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ι}}

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| {{lang|el|ε'''ἴ'''η}}<ref name="semivowel">In Ancient Greek, a diphthong before a vowel was realised as a vowel and a double semivowel sequence: {{IPA|[jj, ww]}}.</ref>

Line 70 ⟶ 72:

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|π, ψ}}

| {{lang|el|'''π'''έτρα, '''ψ'''υχή}}<ref name="sibilant" />

| s'''p'''y

|-

Line 87 ⟶ 89:

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|β, υ}}<ref name="u diphthong">In Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|υ}}}}, in {{angbr|{{lang|el|αυ ευ ηυ}}}}, is pronounced as {{IPA|[f]}} before a voiceless consonant or at the end of the word and {{IPA|[v]}} otherwise. In Ancient Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|αυ ευ ηυ}}}} were diphthongs {{IPA|[au̯ eu̯ ɛːu̯]}}.</ref>

| rowspan="2" |{{lang|el|'''β'''έλος}}

| '''v'''et

Line 178 ⟶ 180:

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ρ}}

| {{lang|el|ώ'''ρ'''α}}

| similar to American English au'''t'''umn or Scottish '''r'''ule<ref>ItIn Modern Greek, it is typically a tap {{IPAblink|ɾ̠}}, but may be an [[alveolar approximant]] {{IPAblink|ɹ}} between vowels, like English ''r'', and is usually a [[alveolar trill|trill]] {{IPAblink|r}} in clusters, trilled ''r'' like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], with two or three short cycles {{harvcol|Arvaniti|2007|p=15}}.</ref>

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|r̥}}</big>

Line 195 ⟶ 197:

| {{lang|el|κό'''σ'''μος, '''ζ'''ωή}}<ref name="sibilant" />

| between '''z'''one and '''g'''enre ([[Voiced alveolar fricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]])

|-

! colspan=6 | [[Consonant cluster]]s

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ks}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ξ}}

| {{lang|el|'''ξ'''ένος}}

| ta'''x'''

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ps}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ψ}}

| {{lang|el|'''ψ'''υχή}}

| la'''ps'''e

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t͡s}}</big>

Line 207 ⟶ 221:

| {{lang|el|'''τζ'''άκι}}

| between bu'''ds''' and bu'''dg'''e ([[Voiced alveolar affricate#Retracted alveolar|retracted]])

|-

|}

{| class="wikitable"

Line 247 ⟶ 262:

! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! {{abbr|AG|Ancient Greek orthography}} !! {{abbr|MG|Modern Greek orthography}} !! Example !! English approximation

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|a}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ᾰ}}

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|α}}

| {{lang|el|'''ά'''ρτος}}

| [[Australian English]] f'''a'''ther, but shorter

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>

Line 263 ⟶ 278:

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| {{lang|el|ψυχ'''ή'''}}<ref name="iotacism" />

| mb'''e'''t, but longerd

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|e}}</big>

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ε}}<ref name="mid vowel">In Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ε, αι}}}} represent {{IPA|[e]}}, and {{angbr|{{lang|el|ο, ω}}}} represent {{IPA|[o]}}. In Ancient Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ε, ο}}}} represented {{IPA|[e, o]}}, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ω}}}} represented {{IPA|[ɔː]}} and {{angbr|{{lang|el|αι}}}} represented the [[diphthong]] {{IPA|[ai̯]}}.</ref>

| {{lang|el|θ'''ε'''ός}}

| mb'''e'''t

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|eː}}</big>

Line 297 ⟶ 312:

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ω}}

| rowspan="2" | similar to nch'''o'''te (American English)re

|-

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ο}}<ref name="mid vowel" />

Line 306 ⟶ 321:

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| rowspan="2" | {{lang|el|μ'''ου'''}}

| similar to mp'''oo'''dl (long)

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>

| style="background-color: darkgray" |

| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ου}}

| p'''oo'''l (short)

|-

| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big>

Line 444 ⟶ 459:

|}

|}

==See also==

*{{clc|Pages with Greek IPA|pages}}

*{{clc|Pages with Ancient Greek (to 1453) IPA|pages}}

==Notes==