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{{IPA key|H:IPA-EL|H:IPA-GRC}}
The charts below show how the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents the[[Greek language|Greek]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles, separated into [[Ancient Greek]] (AG) and [[Modern Greek]] (MG) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The Ancient Greek pronunciation shownpresented here is a [[linguistic reconstruction|reconstruction]] of the [[Attic Greek|Attic dialect]] in the 5th century BC. For otheralternative Ancient Greek dialects, such as [[Doric Greek|Doric]], [[Aeolic Greek|Aeolic]], or [[Koine Greek]], please seeuse {{tlpara|IPA-allgeneric|yes}}. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|[[Template:IPA-el}}]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
 
See [[Ancient Greek phonology]] and [[Modern Greek phonology]] for a more thorough look at their sounds.
 
{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}}
 
{|
Line 14 ⟶ 16:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|κ}}
| {{lang|el|'''κ'''ιόλας}}<ref name="palatal">In Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|κ; γκ, γγ; γ; χ}}}} are pronounced as palatal {{IPA|[c, ɟ, ʝ, ç]}} before the front vowels {{IPA|[e i]}}, and velar {{IPA|[k, gɡ, ɣ, x]}} in other cases.</ref>
| s'''k'''ew
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|κ, ξ}}
| {{lang|el|'''κ'''ατά, '''ξ'''ένος}}<ref name="sibilant">{{angbr|{{lang|grc|ζ}}}} represented the cluster {{IPA|[zd]}} in Classical Attic, but it represents {{IPA|[z]}} in Modern Greek. In both Ancient and Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|σ}}}} is pronounced as voiced {{IPA|[z]}} before a voiced consonant, and {{angbr|{{lang|el|ξ, ψ}}}} represent {{IPA|[ks ps]}}.</ref><ref name="palatal" />
| s'''c'''ar
|-
Line 31 ⟶ 33:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{lang|el|χ}}
| similar to strongly aspirated '''h'''at,<br>[[Scottish English]] lo'''ch''', German Ba'''ch'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ç˗|ç}}</big>
Line 39 ⟶ 41:
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ι}}
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| {{lang|el|ε'''ἴ'''η}}<ref name="semivowel">In Ancient Greek, a diphthong before a vowel was realised as a vowel and a double semivowel sequence: {{IPA|[jj, ww]}}.</ref>
Line 48 ⟶ 50:
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | {{lang|el|γ}}
|{{lang|el|'''γ'''η}}<ref name="palatal" />
| similar to '''y'''es
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɣ}}</big>
Line 70 ⟶ 72:
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|π, ψ}}
| {{lang|el|'''π'''έτρα, '''ψ'''υχή}}<ref name="sibilant" />
| s'''p'''y
|-
Line 87 ⟶ 89:
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|β, υ}}<ref name="u diphthong">In Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|υ}}}}, in {{angbr|{{lang|el|αυ ευ ηυ}}}}, is pronounced as {{IPA|[f]}} before a voiceless consonant or at the end of the word and {{IPA|[v]}} otherwise. In Ancient Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|αυ ευ ηυ}}}} were diphthongs {{IPA|[au̯ eu̯ ɛːu̯]}}.</ref>
| rowspan="2" |{{lang|el|'''β'''έλος}}
| '''v'''et
Line 178 ⟶ 180:
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ρ}}
| {{lang|el|ώ'''ρ'''α}}
| similar to American English au'''t'''umn or Scottish '''r'''ule<ref>ItIn Modern Greek, it is typically a tap {{IPAblink|ɾ̠}}, but may be an [[alveolar approximant]] {{IPAblink|ɹ}} between vowels, like English ''r'', and is usually a [[alveolar trill|trill]] {{IPAblink|r}} in clusters, trilled ''r'' like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], with two or three short cycles {{harvcol|Arvaniti|2007|p=15}}.</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|r̥}}</big>
Line 189 ⟶ 191:
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|σ, ς}}<br/>{{lang|el|ξ, ψ}}
| {{lang|el|'''σ'''οφό'''ς''', '''ψ'''υχή, '''ξ'''ένος}}<ref name="sibilant" />
| between '''s'''ow,ip and '''sh'''ip ([[Voiceless alveolar usuallyfricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]])
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|z}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ζ, σ}}
| {{lang|el|κό'''σ'''μος, '''ζ'''ωή}}<ref name="sibilant" />
| between '''z'''oo,one and '''g'''enre ([[Voiced alveolar usuallyfricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]])
|-▼
! colspan=6 | [[Consonant cluster]]s
|-▼
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ks}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ξ}}
| {{lang|el|'''ξ'''ένος}}
| ta'''x'''
|-▼
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ps}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ψ}}
| {{lang|el|'''ψ'''υχή}}
| la'''ps'''e
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t͡s}}</big>
Line 200 ⟶ 214:
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|τσ}}
| {{lang|el|'''τσ'''άι}}
| between ca'''ts''', usuallyand ca'''tch''' (retracted)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d͡z}}</big>
Line 206 ⟶ 220:
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|τζ}}
| {{lang|el|'''τζ'''άκι}}
| between bu'''ds''' and bu'''dg'''e ([[Voiced alveolar affricate#Retracted alveolar|retracted]])
| pa'''ds''', retracted in most cases
|-▼
|}
{| class="wikitable"
Line 213 ⟶ 228:
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | '''sh'''ameip
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɕ}}</big>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | vi'''sig'''onenre
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʑ}}</big>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | ca'''chtch'''eck
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}</big>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | bu'''jdge'''am
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d͡ʑ}}</big>
Line 247 ⟶ 262:
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! {{abbr|AG|Ancient Greek orthography}} !! {{abbr|MG|Modern Greek orthography}} !! Example !! English approximation
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|a}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ᾰ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|α}}
| {{lang|el|'''ά'''ρτος}}
| [[Australian English]] f'''a'''ther, but shorter
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
Line 263 ⟶ 278:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| {{lang|el|ψυχ'''ή'''}}<ref name="iotacism" />
| mb'''e'''t, but longerd
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|e}}</big>
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ε}}<ref name="mid vowel">In Modern Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ε, αι}}}} represent {{IPA|[e]}}, and {{angbr|{{lang|el|ο, ω}}}} represent {{IPA|[o]}}. In Ancient Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ε, ο}}}} represented {{IPA|[e, o]}}, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ω}}}} represented {{IPA|[ɔː]}} and {{angbr|{{lang|el|αι}}}} represented the [[diphthong]] {{IPA|[ai̯]}}.</ref>
| {{lang|el|θ'''ε'''ός}}
| mb'''e'''t
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|eː}}</big>
Line 297 ⟶ 312:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ω}}
| rowspan="2" | similar to nch'''o'''te (American English)re
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{lang|el|ο}}<ref name="mid vowel" />
Line 306 ⟶ 321:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|el|μ'''ου'''}}
| similar to mp'''oo'''dl (long)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|ου}}
| p'''oo'''l (short)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big>
Line 337 ⟶ 352:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|αϊ}}<ref>Also ⟨άι⟩ and sometimes ⟨άϊ⟩.</ref>
|γ'''αϊ'''δούρι
▲|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA|au̯}}</big>
Line 347 ⟶ 362:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|αου}}
|Νικολ'''άου'''
▲|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA|ei̯}}</big>
Line 367 ⟶ 382:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|εου}}
|Θ'''έου'''τα
▲|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA|oi̯}}</big>
Line 377 ⟶ 392:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{lang|el|όι}}<ref>Also ⟨οϊ⟩ and sometimes ⟨όϊ⟩.</ref>
|κορ'''όι'''δο
▲|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|yi̯}}</big>
Line 383 ⟶ 398:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| {{lang|grc|'''υἱ'''ός}}<ref name="iotacism" />
| No English equivalent
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|aːi̯}}</big>
Line 389 ⟶ 404:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| {{lang|grc|'''ᾄ'''δω, χώρ'''ᾳ'''}}<ref name="long diphthong">In early Ancient Greek, {{angbr|{{lang|grc|ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ}}}} were diphthongs, but the second element {{IPA|[i̯]}} was lost soon after the Classical period, and they merged with {{angbr|{{lang|grc|ᾱ, η, ω}}}}.</ref>
| No English equivalent
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɛːi̯}}</big>
Line 395 ⟶ 410:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| {{lang|grc|'''ᾖ'''ς, ψυχ'''ῇ'''}}<ref name="iotacism" /><ref name="long diphthong" />
| No English equivalent
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɔːi̯}}</big>
Line 401 ⟶ 416:
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
| {{lang|grc|'''ᾠ'''δή, λόγ'''ῳ'''}}<ref name="long diphthong" />
| No English equivalent
|
|}
 
Line 444 ⟶ 459:
|}
|}
 
==See also==
*{{clc|Pages with Greek IPA|pages}}
*{{clc|Pages with Ancient Greek (to 1453) IPA|pages}}
 
==Notes==
Line 460 ⟶ 479:
|doi=10.1075/jgl.8.08arv
|doi-access=free
|ref=harv
}}
 
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek"