IBM Generalized Markup Language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:42, 4 June 2011

Latest revision as of 09:20, 20 May 2025

(28 intermediate revisions by 26 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{Short description|Markup language}}

{{Infobox file format

| name = IBM Generalized Markup Language

| icon =

| logoiconcaption =

| icon_size =

| screenshot =

| screenshot_size =

| genrecaption =

| extension =

| mime =

| type codetype_code =

| uniform typeuniform_type =

| conforms_to =

| magic =

| ownerdeveloper = [[IBM]]

| released = <!-- {{start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->

| genre =

| latest_release_version =

| container for =

| latest_release_date = <!-- {{start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->

| contained by =

| extended fromtype =

| container_for =

| extended to = [[SGML]]

| standardcontained_by =

| extended_from =

| extended toextended_to = [[SGML]]

| standard = <!-- or: | standards = -->

| free =

| open =

| url =

}}

'''Generalized Markup Language''' ('''GML''') is a set of [[Macro (computer science)|macros]] that implement intent-based (procedural) markup [[Tag (metadata)|tag]]s for the [[IBM]] [[text formatter]], [[SCRIPT/VS (markup)|SCRIPT]]. SCRIPT/VS is the main component of IBM's [[Document Composition Facility]] (DCF). A ''starter set'' of tags in GML is provided with the DCF product.

== Characteristics ==

GML was developed in 1969 and the 1960searly 1970s by [[Charles Goldfarb]], [[Edward Mosher]] and [[Raymond Lorie]] (whose surname initials were used by Goldfarb to make up the term GML).<ref name="TheRootsOfSgml">{{cite web|url=http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm|year=1996|title=The Roots of SGML - A Personal Recollection|author=Charles F. Goldfarb|accessdate=2007-07-07|archive-date=2012-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220071917/http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>).

Using GML, a document is [[Markup (computing)|marked up]] with tags that define what the [[Character (computing)|text]] is, in terms of [[paragraph]]s, [[Page header|header]]s, [[List (composition)|list]]s, [[Table (information)#Tables as features offered by application programs|table]]s, and so forth. The document can then be automatically formatted for various [[Peripheral device|device]]s simply by specifying a profile for the device. For example, it is possible to format a document for a [[laser printer]] or a line ([[dot-matrix printer|dot matrix]]) printer or for a screen simply by specifying a profile for the device, without changing the document itself.

The [[Standard Generalized Markup Language]] (SGML), an [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]-standard technology for defining generalized [[markup language]]s for documents, is descended from GML.<ref name="TheRootsOfSgml"/> The [[XML|Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) was initially a streamlined and simplified development of SGML, but has outgrown its parent in terms of worldwide acceptance and support.

== A GML script example ==

:h1 id='intr'.Chapter 1: Introduction

:p.GML supported hierarchical containers, such as

:ol.

:li.Ordered lists (like this one),

:li.Unordered lists, and

Line 39 ⟶ 51:

allowed the end-tags to be omitted for the "h1" and "p" elements.

== Related programs ==

==See also==

In the early 1980s, IBM developed a dedicated publishing tool called Information Structure Identification Language (ISIL) based on GML. ISIL was used to generate much of IBM documentation for the [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]] and other products at this time. In the late 1980s, a commercial product called BookMaster was developed, based mostly on ISIL.

During the early 1980s, Don Williams at IBM developed DWScript to use the SCRIPT/VS on the IBM PC.<ref>DWScript - Document Composition Facility for the IBM Personal Computer Version 4.6 Updates, DW-04167, Nov 8th, 1985</ref> In 1986, he developed a PC version of ISIL called DWISIL. These products were used only internally at IBM.

IBM uses GML as description language on [[IBM i]] and predecessors for objects called "panel groups". Panel groups can present just formatted help text to the user when pressing the [[help key]] (often F1), resemble the typical IBM i menus with embedded help texts, or complete application displays with input/output fields, and other [[Text-based user interface|TUI]] elements being formatted on screen according to [[IBM Common User Access|IBM CUA Standards]]. The overall facility is called [[User interface|User Interface]] Manager (UIM) and documented in ''Application Display Programming''.

== See also ==

* [[HyperText Markup Language]]

* [[Standard Generalized Markup Language]]

* [[XML]]

* [[SCRIPT (markup)]]

* [[Information Presentation Facility]] - a descendant of GML, used by [[IBM]] to write [[OS/2]]'s electronic books and online help.

== References ==

{{reflistReflist}}

== External links ==

* {{cite book |title=Document Composition Facility Generalized Markup Language Implementation Guide (SH35.0050-2) |date=1985 |publisher=IBM |url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_ibm370DCFSpositionFacilityGeneralizedMarkupLanguag_15844220}}

* [http://publibfp.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr/BOOKS/dsm04m00/CCONTENTS GML Starter Set User's Guide]

* {{cite web |title=GML Starter Set Tag Reference |publisher=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.1.0?topic=books-appendix-c-gml-starter-set-tag-reference}}

* [http://publibfp.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr/BOOKS/dsm05m00/CCONTENTS GML Starter Set Reference]

* {{cite web |title=Creating help text using UIM |date=2017 |publisher=RPGPGM.com |url=https://www.rpgpgm.com/2017/02/creating-help-text-using-uim.html}}

* {{cite web |title=Application Display Programming (SC41-5715) |date=2006 |publisher=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/resources/publications/OutputPubsDetails?PubID=SC41571501}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Markup languages]]

[[Category:IBM software|Generalized Markup Language]]

[[de:IBM Generalized Markup Language]]

[[es:Generalized Markup Language]]

[[fr:Generalized Markup Language]]

[[id:GML]]

[[nl:Generalized Markup Language]]

[[ja:Generalized Markup Language]]

[[pl:Generalized Markup Language]]