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Rocketwidget (talk | contribs) This article did not make clear that HDRR was originally (and still usually) tone-mapping the resulting render onto a SDR display. Made a pass at discussing HDR displays in the relevant sections, reducing or eliminating the need for tone mapping, and resulting in a more realistic image than original HDRR. |
→Game engines that support HDR rendering: mark Godot as citation needed |
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{{distinguish|High dynamic range video}}
{{Short description|Rendering of computer graphics scenes by using lighting calculations done in high-dynamic-range}}
[[File:Lost Coast HDR comparison.png|thumb|300px|right|A comparison of the standard fixed-aperture rendering (left) with the HDR rendering (right) in the video game ''[[Half-Life 2: Lost Coast]].'' The HDRR was tone mapped to SDR for broad compatibility with almost all displays.]]
'''High-dynamic-range rendering''' ('''HDRR''' or '''HDR rendering'''), also known as '''high-dynamic-range lighting''', is the [[Rendering (computer graphics)|rendering]] of [[computer graphics]] scenes by using [[computer graphics lighting|lighting]] calculations done in [[high dynamic range]] (HDR). This allows preservation of details that may be lost due to limiting [[contrast ratio]]s. [[Video game]]s and [[Computer animation|computer-generated movies and special effects]] benefit from this as it creates more realistic scenes than with more simplistic lighting models. HDRR was originally required to [[Tone mapping|tone map]] the rendered image onto [[Standard-dynamic-range video|Standard Dynamic Range]] (SDR) displays, as the first [[High-dynamic-range television#Displays|HDR capable displays]] did not arrive until the 2010s. However if a modern HDR display is available, it is possible to instead display the HDRR with even greater contrast and realism.
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==History==
The use of [[high-dynamic-range imaging]] (HDRI) in computer graphics was introduced by Greg Ward in 1985 with his open-source [[Radiance (software)|Radiance]] rendering and ''lighting simulation'' software which created the first file format to retain a high-dynamic-range image. HDRI languished for more than a decade, held back by limited computing power, storage, and capture methods. Not until recently{{When|date=January 2025|reason=“Recently” is ambiguous, especially when referring to a 40-year-old technology. Also, it wasn’t all that recent: if a Half-Life 2 expansion could use HDR in 2005 or so, that’s halfway between the invention of the technology and the current year. That is by no means recent in the history of HDR.}} has the technology to put HDRI into practical use been developed.<ref name=reinhard1>{{cite book
| last = Reinhard
| first = Erik
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|access-date=18 August 2009}}</ref>
In 1990, Eihachiro Nakame
| doi = 10.1145/97879.97922
| isbn = 978-0201509335
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===Output to displays===
Although many manufacturers claim very high numbers, [[plasma displays]], [[liquid-crystal display]]s, and [[
Some increase in dynamic range in [[LCD monitors]] can be achieved by automatically reducing the backlight for dark scenes. For example, LG calls this technology "Digital Fine Contrast";<ref>[http://www.lge.com/about/press_release/detail/PRO%7CNEWS%5EPRE%7CMENU_20075_PRE%7CMENU.jhtml Digital Fine Contrast]</ref> Samsung describes it as "dynamic contrast ratio". Another technique is to have an array of brighter and darker LED backlights, for example with systems developed by BrightSide Technologies.<ref>[http://www.dolby.com/promo/hdr/technology.html BrightSide Technologies is now part of Dolby -] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910145331/http://www.dolby.com/promo/hdr/technology.html |date=2007-09-10 }}</ref>
[[OLED]] displays have better dynamic range capabilities than LCDs, similar to plasma but with lower power consumption. [[Rec. 709]] defines the color space for [[HDTV]], and [[Rec. 2020]] defines a larger but still incomplete color space for [[ultra-high-definition television]].
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===Development of HDRR through DirectX===
Complex shader effects began their days with the release of [[Shader|Shader Model 1.0]] with [[DirectX]] 8. Shader Model 1.0 illuminated 3D worlds with what is called standard lighting. Standard lighting, however, had two problems:
#Lighting precision was confined to 8 bit integers, which limited the contrast ratio to 256:1. Using the [[HSV color space|HVS color model]], the value (V), or brightness of a color has a range of 0 – 255. This means the brightest white (a value of 255) is only 255 levels brighter than the darkest shade above pure black (i.e.: value of 0).
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*[[Dunia Engine]]
*[[Gamebryo]]
*[[Godot (game engine)]]{{cn|date=May 2025}}
*[[Decima (game engine)|Decima]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pereira|first=Chris|date=December 3, 2016|title=Kojima Partnering With Killzone, Horizon Dev Guerrilla for Death Stranding|work=[[GameSpot]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/kojima-partnering-with-killzone-horizon-dev-guerri/1100-6445954/|url-status=live|access-date=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204214057/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/kojima-partnering-with-killzone-horizon-dev-guerri/1100-6445954/|archive-date=December 4, 2019}}</ref>
*[[Unity (game engine)|Unity]]
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711112223/http://transporter-game.googlecode.com/files/HDRRenderingInOpenGL.pdf High Dynamic Range Rendering in OpenGL] ([[PDF]])
*[http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/winhec/partners/shadermodel30_NVIDIA.mspx Microsoft's technical brief on SM3.0 in comparison with SM2.0]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060113032428/http://www.tomshardware.com/2006/01/13/new_3d_graphics_card_features_in_2006/ Tom's Hardware: New Graphics Card Features of 2006]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060421205054/http://users.erols.com/chare/video.htm List of GPU's compiled by Chris Hare]
*[http://www.techpowerup.com/gpudb/ techPowerUp! GPU Database]
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