Coccoderma: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Extinct genus of fishes}}

{{Italic title}}

{{Automatic taxobox

{{Taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|152.2|145.0|[[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]}}

| name = ''Coccoderma''

| image = Coccoderma suevicum 65.jpg

| image = Coccoderma_bavaricum_Reis,_1888_(Solnhofen_Bavière_-_Allemagne).JPG

| image_caption = Specimen of ''C. suevicum''

| image_width = 240px

| image_captiontaxon = ''Coccoderma bavaricum''

| authority = [[Friedrich August von Quenstedt|Quenstdedt]], 1858

| image2 = Natural History Museum Wien-097.JPG

| genustype_species = {{extinct}}'''''Coccoderma suevicum'''''

| image2_width = 240px

| type_species_authority = Quenstdedt, 1858

| image2_caption = ''Coccoderma nudum'', at the [[Naturhistorisches Museum]], Wien

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| fossil_range = [[Jurassic]]

| subdivision = See text

| regnum = [[Animal]]ia

| synonyms = * {{extinct}}''Kokkoderma'' <small>Quenstedt, 1858</small> (original spelling)

| phylum = [[Chordata]]

| classis = [[Sarcopterygii]]

| familia= [[Laugiidae]]

| genus = '''''Coccoderma'''''

}}

'''''Coccoderma''''' is aan extinct [[genus]] of [[prehistoric]] marine [[lobe-finned fishcoelacanth]] which lived during the Late [[Late Jurassic]] period,.<ref>{{Cite Kimmeridgianweb Stage|title=PBDB Taxon |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34909 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=[[FossilPaleobiology Database]]s}}</ref> Fossils have been found in Germany and France.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wendruff |first=Andrew J. |last2=Wilson |first2=Mark V.H. |date=2013 |editor-last=Sues |editor-first=Hans |title=New Early Triassic coelacanth in the [[Unitedfamily Laugiidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake, British Columbia, Canada |url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjes-2013-0010 |journal=Canadian StatesJournal of AmericaEarth Sciences |USA]]language=en |volume=50 |issue=9 |pages=904–910 |doi=10.1139/cjes-2013-0010 |issn=0008-4077|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It was small in size, about 27,.5&nbsp;cm. They had very long and sharp teeth.

It was one of the earliest coelacanths to be properly studied by science.<ref name=":1" /> It lived far later than other members of its family ([[Laugiidae]]), which otherwise only existed during the [[Early Triassic]], thus leaving an exceptional [[ghost lineage]] of over 100 million years. It was the last surviving member of the non-[[Coelacanth|latimerioid]] coelacanths (e.g. coelacanths outside of [[Latimeriidae]] and [[Mawsoniidae]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toriño |first=Pablo |last2=Soto |first2=Matías |last3=Perea |first3=Daniel |date=2021-12-02 |title=A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of coelacanth fishes (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) with comments on the composition of the Mawsoniidae and Latimeriidae: evaluating old and new methodological challenges and constraints |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2020.1867982 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=3423–3443 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2020.1867982 |issn=0891-2963|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Species==

* †''Coccoderma'''C. bavaricum''''' REIS<small>Reis, 1888</small> - [[Tithonian]] of Germany ([[Solnhofen Limestone]])

* †'''''C. gigas''''' <small>Reis, 1888</small> - Tithonian of Germany (Solhofen Limestone)

* ''Coccoderma gigas'' REIS, 1888

* †'''''C. suevicum''''' <small>[[Friedrich August von Quenstedt|Quenstdedt]], 1858</small> - [[Kimmeridgian]] ([[Nusplingen Limestone]]) and Tithonian (Solnhofen Limestone) of Germany (=''[[Coelacanthus]] harlemensis'' <small>Winkler, 1874</small>, ''Coccoderma nudum'' <small>Reis, 1888</small>)<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lambers |first=Paul H. |date=1991-06-01 |title=The identity of the type specimen ofCoelacanthus harlemensis Winkler (Pisces, Actinistia) from the lithographic limestone of Solnhofen (Tithonian), Bavaria |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985782 |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |language=en |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=173–189 |doi=10.1007/BF02985782 |issn=|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

* ''Coccoderma nudum'' REIS, 1888

[[File:Coccoderma bavaricum Reil, 1888.jpg|thumb|''C. bavaricum''|left]]An indeterminate species is known from the Tithonian-aged [[Canjuers Lagerstätte]] of France, which was previously thought to be from the earliest [[Early Cretaceous|Cretaceous]] ([[Berriasian]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peyer |first=Karin |last2=Charbonnier |first2=Sylvain |last3=Allain |first3=Ronan |last4=Läng |first4=Émilie |last5=Vacant |first5=Renaud |date=2014-07-01 |title=A new look at the Late Jurassic Canjuers conservation Lagerstätte (Tithonian, Var, France) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631068314000529 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |series=Lagerstätten français et fossiles à conservation exceptionnelle |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=403–420 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2014.01.007 |issn=1631-0683|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Cloutier |first=Richard |title=Diversity of Extinct and Living Actinistian Fishes (Sarcopterygii) |date=1991 |work=The biology of Latimeria chalumnae and evolution of coelacanths |pages=59–74 |editor-last=Musick |editor-first=John A. |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3194-0_4 |access-date=2024-05-21 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-3194-0_4 |isbn=978-94-011-3194-0 |last2=Forey |first2=Peter L. |editor2-last=Bruton |editor2-first=Michael N. |editor3-last=Balon |editor3-first=Eugene K.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Raphael Miguel da |date=2016 |title=Biogeografia histórica de Celacantos (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) |url=https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/bitstream/1/4962/1/Tese%20completa_Raphael%20M%20S_PPGEE_2018.pdf |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=bdtd.ibict.br}}</ref> The species ''C. nudum'' likely represents an immature ''C. suevicum''. The species ''C. bavaricum'' and ''C. gigas'' may not belong to this genus.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The species ''C. substriolatum'' from England has been reclassified as a [[Mawsoniidae|mawsoniid]], and tentatively to ''[[Trachymetopon]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cavin |first=Lionel |last2=Piuz |first2=André |last3=Ferrante |first3=Christophe |last4=Guinot |first4=Guillaume |date=2021-06-03 |title=Giant Mesozoic coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) reveal high body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-90962-5 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11812 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-90962-5 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=8175595 }}</ref>

==References==

{{Portal|Paleontology}}

{{Reflist}}

*[httphttps://www.paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl The Paleobiology Database]

{{Portal|Paleontology}}

*[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl The Paleobiology Database]

*[http://www.dinohunter.info/html/1880/1888.htm Dinohunter]

*[http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/solnhofen/coccoderma/coccoderma.htm Fossil Museum]

{{Actinistia}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5139178}}

[[Category:Coelacanthiformes]]

[[Category:Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera]]

[[Category:Late Jurassic bony fish]]

[[Category:FossilsKimmeridgian ofgenus thefirst United Statesappearances]]

[[Category:Tithonian genus extinctions]]

[[Category:Fossils of Germany]]

[[Category:Solnhofen fauna]]

[[Category:Fossils of France]]

[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1858]]

{{paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub}}