Reliability theory of aging and longevity: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Biophysics theory}}

{{MOSnotability|date=September 2015}}

{{Moreuse footnotesdmy dates|date=September 2015}}

{{use list-defined references|date=September 2015}}

The '''reliability theory of aging''' is an attempt to apply the principles of [[reliability theory]] to create a [[mathematical model]] of [[senescence]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gavrilov |first1=Leonid A. |last2=Gavrilova |first2=Natalia S. |title=Chapter 1 - Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity |journal=Handbook of the Biology of Aging (Sixth Edition) |series=Handbooks of Aging |date=1 January 2005 |pages=3–42 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780120883875500042 |publisher=Academic Press|doi=10.1016/B978-012088387-5/50004-2 |isbn=978-0-12-088387-5 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The theory was published in Russian by Leonid A. Gavrilov and Natalia S. Gavrilova as ''Biologiia prodolzhitelʹnosti zhizni'' in 1986, and in English translation as ''The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach'' in 1991.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gavrilov |first1=Leonid A. |last2=Gavrilova |first2= Natalia S. |editor1-last=Skulachev |editor1-first=V.P. |editor1-link=Vladimir P. Skulachev |title=Биология продолжительности жизни: Количественные аспекты |year=1986 |trans-title=Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMY5AAAAIAAJ |language=ru |edition=1st |___location=Moscow |publisher=[[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka]] |publication-date=1986 |pages=167}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gavrilov |first1=Leonid A. |last2=Gavrilova |first2= Natalia S. |editor1-last=Skulachev |editor1-first=V.P. |editor1-link=Vladimir P. Skulachev |title=Биология продолжительности жизни: Количественные аспекты |year=1991 |trans-title=Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach |url=https://textarchive.ru/c-1387064-pall.html |language=ru |edition=2nd |___location=Moscow |publisher=[[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka]] |publication-date=1991 |pages=280 |isbn=5-02-013445-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gavrilov |first1=Leonid A. |last2=Gavrilova |first2= Natalia S. |editor1-last=Skulachev |editor1-first=V.P. |editor1-link=Vladimir P. Skulachev |title=Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach |date=7 March 1991 |language=en |edition=1st |___location=New York |publisher=Chur |publication-date=1991 |pages=385 |isbn=978-3718649839}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=A.J.S. Rayl |date=2002-05-13 |title=Aging, in Theory: A Personal Pursuit. Do body system redundancies hold the key? |url=http://longevity-science.org/TheScientist.pdf |journal=[[The Scientist (magazine)|The Scientist]] |volume=16 |issue=10 |pages=20 |doi= |pmc= |pmid=}}</ref>

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{{MOS|date=September 2015}}

{{More footnotes|date=September 2015}}

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'''Reliability theory of aging and longevity'''

One of the models suggested in the book is based on an analogy with the reliability theory. The underlying [[hypothesis]] is based on the previously suggested premise that humans are born in a highly defective state. This is then made worse by environmental and mutational damage; exceptionally high [[Redundancy (engineering)|redundancy]] due to the extremely high number of low-reliable components (e.g.., [[cell (biology)|cell]]s) allows the organism to survive for a while.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/engineering-and-aging-the-best-is-yet-to-be |title=Engineering and Aging: The Best Is Yet to Be |work=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |date=2004-09-01}}</ref><ref name=gg2001/>

The theory suggests an explanation of two aging phenomena for higher organisms: the [[Gompertz law]] of exponential increase in mortality rates with age and the "late-life mortality plateau" (mortality deceleration compared to the Gompertz law at higher ages).<ref name=gg2001>Gavrilov, Gavrilova (2001).</ref>

==References==

{{refbegin}}

* Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. [http://www.elsevierdirect.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780120883875 Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity.] In: Masoro E.J. & Austad S.N.. (eds.): Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, USA, 2006, 3-42. ISBN 0-12-088387-2

* Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. [http://longevity-science.org/Failure-Models-2006.pdf Models of Systems Failure in Aging. ] In: P Michael Conn (Editor): Handbook of Models for Human Aging, Burlington, MA : Elsevier Academic Press, 2006. 45-68. ISBN 0-12-369391-8.

* Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6/29382/01330807.pdf Why We Fall Apart]. [http://longevity-science.org/IEEE-Spectrum-2004.pdf Engineering's Reliability Theory Explains Human Aging]. IEEE Spectrum, 2004, 41(9): 30-35.

* Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1196/annals.1297.094 The Reliability-Engineering Approach to the Problem of Biological Aging]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2004, 1019: 509-512. PMID 15247076

* Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S. [http://longevity-science.org/SAGE-KE-03.pdf The quest for a general theory of aging and longevity]. Science's SAGE KE (Science of Aging Knowledge Environment) for 16 July 2003; Vol. 2003, No. 28, 1-10. http://sageke.sciencemag.org, PMID 12867663

* Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S. [http://longevity-science.org/JTB-01.pdf The reliability theory of aging and longevity]. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2001, 213(4): 527-545. {{DOI|10.1006/jtbi.2001.2430}} PMID 11742523

* Abernethy, John. Gompertzian mortality originates in the winding-down of the mitotic clock. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1998, 192, 419-435.

* [[Leonid A. Gavrilov]] & [[Natalia S. Gavrilova]] (1991), ''The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach''. New York: Harwood Academic Publisher, ISBN 3-7186-4983-7

* Gavrilov, L.A. A mathematical model of the aging of animals. Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR], 1978, 238(2): 490-492. English translation by Plenum Publ Corp: pp.53-55. PMID 624242

* Abernethy JD. The exponential increase in mortality rate with age attributed to wearing-out of biological components. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1979, 80, 333-354.

* Gavrilov, L.A., Gavrilova, N.S., Yaguzhinsky, L.S. The main regularities of animal aging and death viewed in terms of reliability theory. J. General Biology [Zhurnal Obschey Biologii], 1978, 39(5): 734-742. PMID 716614

* Witten, T.M., Investigating the aging mammalian system: Cellular levels and beyond, Proc. 25th Annual Meeting of the Society for General Systems Research, (1981) 309-315.

* Witten, T.M., A return to time, cells, systems, and aging: I. Rethinking the concepts of senescence in mammalian systems, Mech. Aging and Dev., 21(1983)69-81.

* Witten, T.M., A return to time, cells, systems, and aging: II. Relational and reliability theoretic aspects of senescence in mammalian systems, Mech. Aging and Dev., 27 (1984) 323-340.

* Witten, T.M., Reliability theoretic methods and aging: Critical elements, hierarchies, and longevity---Interpreting survival curves, (in) The Molecular Biology of Aging (eds.) A. Woodhead, A. Blackett, and R. Setlow (Plenum Press, N.Y. 1985).

* Witten, T.M., A return to time, cells, systems and aging: III. Critical elements, hierarchies, and Gompertzian dynamics, Mech. Ageing and Dev., 32 (1985) 141-177.

* Witten, T.M., A return to time, cells, system, and aging: IV. Further thoughts on Gompertzian survival dynamics---The neonatal years, Mech. Aging and Dev., 33 (1985) 177-190.

* Witten, T.M., Information content of biological survival curves arising in aging experiments: Some further thoughts, (in) Evolution of Aging Processes in Animals (ed.) A. Woodhead and K.H. Thompson (Plenum Press, N.Y., 1987).

* Witten, T.M., A return to time, cells, systems, and aging: V. Further thoughts on Gompertzian survival dynamics --- the geriatric years, Mech. Aging and Dev., 46(1988) 175-200.

{{refend}}

The book criticizes a number of hypotheses known at the time, discusses drawbacks of the hypotheses put forth by the authors themselves, and concludes that regardless of the suggested mathematical models, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown.<ref>"Conclusion" section of the book</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gavrilov |first1=Leonid A. |last2=Gavrilova |first2=Natalia S. |date=2001-12-21 |title=The reliability theory of aging and longevity |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11613344 |journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology |volume=213 |issue=4 |pages=527–545 |doi=10.1006/jtbi.2001.2430 |pmid=11742523|bibcode=2001JThBi.213..527G |citeseerx=10.1.1.295.6141 }}</ref>

==External links==

* [http://longevity-science.org/Reliability-Theory-2006.ppt Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity] - Power-Point Presentation of invited lecture at the [http://www.buckinstitute.org/Home.htm Buck Institute for Age Research], Novato, California, USA, August 4, 2006.

* [http://www.ams.ucsc.edu/seminars/oct10_05b.html Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity] - abstract of invited lecture at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Applied Mathematics & Statistics (AMS) and CSTAR Research Seminars, October 10, 2005.

* [http://longevity-science.org/Reliability-Chicago-2005.ppt Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity] - Power-Point Presentation of invited lecture at the University of Chicago. The Ecology and Evolution Natural History Seminar, Department of Ecology and Evolution, May 10, 2005.

* [http://longevity-science.org/IABG-Gavrilov.html Reliability-Engineering Approach to the Problem of Biological Aging] - invited presentation at the 10th Congress of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology, Cambridge University, England, September 19-23, 2003.

===MediaSee coverage=also==

• [[DNA damage theory of aging]]

* [http://longevity-science.org/TheScientist.pdf “Aging, in Theory: A Personal Pursuit. Do body system redundancies hold the key? “] The Scientist, 16(10): 20, May 13, 2002

* [http://longevity-science.org/IEEE-Spectrum-10.pdf “Engineering and Aging: The Best Is Yet to Be“] IEEE Spectrum - September 2004, 41(9): 10.

==References==

* [http://www.iienet.org/magazine/magazinefiles/IENOV2004_outliers_p66.pdf “Human Reliability. We break down just like machines“] Industrial Engineer - November 2004, 36(11): 66

{{reflist}}

*[http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/51394/ Scientists Have Found the Gene That Decides How Long We Live]

{{senescence}}

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[[Category:Reliability engineering]]

[[Category:Failure]]

[[Category:Ageing]]

[[Category:Gerontology]]

[[Category:Survival analysis]]

[[Category:DemographyTheories of biological ageing]]

[[Category:Theories of aging]]

[[Category:Theories of biological aging]]