Competition-based learning: Difference between revisions

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{{distinguish|Challenge-based learning}}

'''[[Competition]]-based learning''' ('''CBL''') is a [[Student-centred learning|student-centered]] [[pedagogy]] that combines [[Project-based learning]] and [[competition]]s.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} CBL also utilizes [[Team-based learning]] (or Active Collaborative Learning, ACL) and [[Problem-based learning]] paradigms. Competition-based learning involves a team of students in an open-ended assignments or projects that resembles some problems students may face at the work place or in the real-world. However, the performance is being evaluated on the final completion of the project or task assigned in the course as a comparison to other groups. The aspiration is to create motivation in the students to come up with the best overall project. CBL learning relies on the competition results. Furthermore, CBL implements a reward system upon the completion of the task assigned.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

'''Competition-based learning''' ('''CBL''') is a [[Student-centred learning|student-centered]] [[pedagogy]] that combines [[project-based learning]] and [[competition]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burguillo |first=Juan C. |date=2010-09-01 |title=Using game theory and Competition-based Learning to stimulate student motivation and performance |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131510000527 |journal=Computers & Education |language=en |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=566–575 |doi=10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.018 |issn=0360-1315|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This can sometimes be referred to as game-based learning as well, which is different than [[Gamification of learning|gamification]].{{cn|date=July 2022}} CBL also utilizes [[team-based learning]] (or Active Collaborative Learning, ACL) and [[problem-based learning]] paradigms. Competition-based learning involves a team of students in an open-ended assignments or projects that resembles some problems students may face at the work place or in the real-world. However, the performance is being evaluated on the final completion of the project or task assigned in the course as a comparison to other groups. The aspiration is to create motivation in the students to come up with the best overall project. CBL learning relies on the competition results. Furthermore, CBL implements a reward system upon the completion of the task assigned to reinforce desired behaviors in learning environments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ridderinkhof |first1=K. Richard |last2=van den Wildenberg |first2=Wery P. M. |last3=Segalowitz |first3=Sidney J. |last4=Carter |first4=Cameron S. |date=2004-11-01 |title=Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: The role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262604002866 |journal=Brain and Cognition |language=en |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=129–140 |doi=10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.016 |pmid=15518930 |s2cid=16820592 |issn=0278-2626|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arias-Carrión |first1=Ó. |last2=Pöppel |first2=E. |title=Dopamine, learning, and reward-seeking behavior |journal=Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis |date=2007 |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=481–488 |doi=10.55782/ane-2007-1664 |pmid=18320725 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Malone |first1=Thomas W. |chapter=Making Learning Fun: A Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivations for Learning |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003163244-10/making-learning-fun-thomas-malone-mark-lepper |title=Aptitude, Learning, and Instruction |access-date=2022-06-27 |last2=Lepper |first2=Mark R. |editor-first1=Richard E |editor-first2=Marshall J |editor-last1=Snow |editor-last2=Farr |year=2021 |doi=10.4324/9781003163244 |isbn=9781000392050 }}</ref>

== Background and Advantages==

== Background and Advantagesadvantages==

The real-world is competitive and [[competition]] has been used in teaching and learning throughout the human history around the world. Countries such as England, Singapore, and South Korea have [[special education]] programs which cater for specialist students, prompting charges of [[academic elitism]]. Currently, academic competitions are popular. According to [https://www.competitionsciences.org/about-ics/ The Institute of Competition Sciences] retrieved on May 30, 2020, over 4,000,000 students participate in educational competitions in over 500 competitions across all academic subject they monitor in their network.

Many practitioners in education claim that CBL can enhance students' motivation to work harder and the learning outcomes since they are more excited about the project and potential rewards.

<ref>{{Citation|last=Burguillo |first=Juan C.|title=Using game theory and Competition-based Learning to stimulate student motivation and performance |date=26 February 2010|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131510000527 |journal=Computers & Education |volume=55|issue=2|pages=566–575|doi=10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.018|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.asee.org/file_server/papers/attachment/file/0003/3167/6233.pdf |title=Competition Based Learning in the Classroom |last1=Carroll|first1=Chris|author-link=University of Louisiana, Lafayette |date=June 23–26, 2013 |___location=Atlanta, GA |conference=120th ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition organized by American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 |id=6233 }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://sigma.nursingrepository.org/bitstream/handle/10755/623751/Alyazeedi_89247_Info.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y |title=Competition-Based Learning (CBL) in Nursing Education |last1=Alyazeedi|first1=Basma|last2=Berry|first2=Diane C. |date=2018-03-08|___location=Washington, DC |conference=Nursing Education Research Conference 2018: Generating and Translating Evidence for Teaching Practice organized by Sigma Theta Tau International, the Honor Society of Nursing }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Cantador|first1=Iván|last2=Conde|first2= José M. |title=EFFECTS OF COMPETITION IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN AN E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT |date=26 July 2010 |url=https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/665987/effects_cantador_MCCSIS_2010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|conference=IADIS International Conference e-Learning co-organized by Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg |___location=Freiburg, Germany}}</ref>

Competition is good in the sense that it discourages complacency and raises students’students' consciousness of the value of good outcomes. As a result, the keener the competition, the higher the output among students. This is manifested not only in high individual averages, but in overall high class averages. It is, therefore, a very effective tool to keep your high achievers achieving.<ref>[https://owlcation.com/academia/studentrivalry The Value of Competition in the Classroom]</ref> Other benefits of CBL include the enhancement of problem-solving, creative thinking, and teamwork skills.<ref>{{Citationcite book|last1=Sukiman |first1=S.A.|last2=Yusop |first2=H. |last3=Mokhtar |first3=R.|last4=Jaafar |first4=N. H. |titlechapter= Competition-Based Learning: Determining the Strongest Skill that Can Bebe Achieved Among Higher Education Learners. |dateeditor1-last=2016Abdullah |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978editor1-981-10-1458-1_47 |journalfirst=Abdullah M., |editor2-last=Yahya |editor2-first=W., |editor3-last=Ramli |editor3-first=N., |editor4-last=Mohamed |editor4-first=S., |editor5-last=Ahmad |editor5-first=B. (Eds) |title=Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) |date=2016 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-1458-1_47 |pages=505–516|publisher=Springer, |___location=Singapore|doi=10.1007/978-981-10-1458-1_47|isbn=978-981-10-1456-7}}</ref>

==Examples==

Some articles reporting competitions in across various academic subjects include

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200218205844/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/95a0/4babb8841f3f644e2d7d497c98807eac3595.pdf EFFECTS OF COMPETITION IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN AN E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT] - by Iván Cantador, José M. Conde, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

* [https://www.robofest.net/LBA/CBL.pdf Learning through Competitions – Competition-Based Learning (CBL)] - by CJ Chung, from CTL (Center for Teaching & Learning) Conference at [[Lawrence Technological University]], April 2008

* [http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2010/Tunisia/EDUTE/EDUTE-27.pdf A robotic competition: a classroom experience in a vocational school] - by MARZIA PISCIOTTA1, BRUNO VELLO1, CLAUDIO BORDO1 AND GIOVANNA MORGAVI2 from ADVANCED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES

* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1541-4329.2003.tb00031.x Utilizing Project-Based Learningand Competition to DevelopStudent Skills and Interest inProducing Quality Food Items] - by Willard, M.W. Duffrin, from Vol. 2, 2003—JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION

* [https://www.weareteachers.com/student-contests-competitions/ The Big List of Student Contests and Competitions] - from We Are Teachers, weareteachers.com

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Some people think in class competition is not good, since it is discouraging when others always seem to do better than you. Critics of competition as a motivating factor in education systems, such as [[Alfie Kohn]], argue that competition actually has a net negative influence on the achievement levels of students.

<ref>{{cite book |last=Kohn |first=Alfie |date=1986 |title=No Contest The Case Against Competition |url=https://www.alfiekohn.org/contest/ |___location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=978-0395631256}}</ref>

Competition can easily lead to stress, anxiety and disappointment, especially if it promotes academic competition between "individual" students.<ref>[https://www.bu.edu/wheelock/classroom-competition/ Classroom Competition by Will English, Retrieved on May 31, 2020]</ref> This stress can force students to push back other interests and extracurricular activities, leading to an unbalanced school life. A poor competition result may affect students' emotions or hurt their confidence. If a competition does not provide students with a goal that is attainable for nearly everyone, the activity becomes unbalanced, with some jumping ahead and others ending up left in the dust. This is the kind of competition that will lead to a diminished desire to participate in related activities or subject fields. An unhealthy competition may be one that is focused on winning instead of moving toward on learning a new skill or working as a team.<ref>[https://brainly.in/question/6736137 Disadvantages of competition in education process, Retrieved on May 31, 2020]</ref> Therefore, the design of CBL methodologies needs to honefocus inon driving students to collaboratively achieve learning outcomes, not just winning the competition.

==References==

{{reflist}}

*

==External links==

*[https://www.competitionsciences.org/2016/07/04/10-ways-competitions-enhance-learning/10 Ways Competitions Enhance Learning] – from The Institute of Competition Sciences (ICS), www.competitionsciences.org

*[https://blog.sharetolearn.com/curriculum-teaching-strategies/competition-classroom-balance-fun-fairnessairness/ Competition in the Classroom: How to Balance Fun and Fairness] – from SHARE, the Source for Help, Advancement, and Renewal for Educators, sharetolearn.com

*[https://resilienteducator.com/classroom-resources/competitive-classrooms-vs-cooperative-classrooms-pros-and-cons/ Competitive Classrooms vs. Cooperative Classrooms: Pros and Cons] – From Resilient Educator, resilienteducator.com

*[https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/competition-ever-appropriate-cooperative-classroom/ Is Competition Ever Appropriate in a Cooperative Classroom?] – by Alfie Kohn, alfiekohn.org

*[https://practices.learningaccelerator.org/strategies/class-competitions Class Competitions Unit and daily goal-completion competitions to engage and motivate students] – from the Learning Accelerator, learningaccelerator.org

*[https://tenneyschool.com/problem-competition-based-learning/ The Problem with Competition-Based Learning] – from The Tenney School in Houston, TX, tenneyschool.com

[[Category:Applied learning]]

[[Category:Educational psychology]]

[[Category:Pedagogy]]

[[Category:School terminology]]