Design computing: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Computing as applied to design}}

{{refimprove|date=December 2009}}

The terms '''design computing''' and other relevant terms including '''design and computation''' and '''computational design''' refer to the study and practice of design activities through the application and development of novel ideas and techniques in computing. One of the early groups to coin this term was the [[Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition]] at the [[University of Sydney]] in Australia, which for nearlymore than fifty years (latesince 1960sthe tolate today1960s) pioneered the research, teaching, and consulting of design and computational technologies. This group organised the academic conference series "Artificial Intelligence in Design (AID)"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/us/book/9789401052382|title=Artificial Intelligence in Design ’92'92 {{!}} John S. Gero {{!}} Springer|language=en}}</ref> published by Springer during that period. AID was later renamed "Design Computing and Cognition (DCC)"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dccconferences.org/dcc18/|title=Eighth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition DCC'18 or DCC18|last=Gero|first=John|website=dccconferences.org|access-date=2017-11-13}}</ref> and is currently a leading biannual conference in the field. Other notable groups in this area are the Design and Computation<ref>architecture.mit.edu/computation/program/overview</ref> group at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]'s School of Architecture + Planning and the Computational Design<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arch.gatech.edu/computational-design|title=Computational Design {{!}} School of Architecture {{!}} Georgia Institute of Technology {{!}} Atlanta, GA|website=arch.gatech.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-11-13}}</ref> group at [[Georgia Tech]].

Whilst these terms share in general an interest in computational technologies and design activity, there are important differences in the various approaches, theories, and applications. For example, while in some circles the term "computational design" refers in general to the creation of new computational tools and methods in the context of [[computational thinking]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ubiquity.acm.org/article.cfm?id=3132087|title=Ubiquity: Computational design|website=ubiquity.acm.org|access-date=2017-11-13}}</ref> design computing is concerned with bridging these two fields in order to build an increased understanding of design.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319149554#aboutBook|title=Design Computing and Cognition '14 {{!}} John S. Gero {{!}} Springer|language=en}}</ref>

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==Areas==

In recent years a number of research and education areas have been grouped under the umbrella term "Designdesign Computingcomputing", namely:

*[[Artificial Intelligenceintelligence]] in Designdesign

*[[Expert system]]s and [[knowledge-based systems]]

*[[Artificial Architecture]]

*Expert and Knowledge-based Systems

*[[Computational creativity]]

*[[Computer-Aidedaided Designdesign]]

*[[Responsive computer-aided design]]

*[[Digital architecture]]

*[[Digital morphogenesis]]

*Visual and Spatialspatial Modellingmodelling

*Computational Analogyanalogy

*Automated Designdesign Systemssystems

*Design Supportsupport Systemssystems

*[[Computer-supported Supportedcooperative Cooperative Workwork]] (CSCW)

*[[Building Informationinformation Modelingmodeling]] (BIM)

*[[Extended reality|Extended Reality]] (XR) and [[Hybrid Space]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zellner |first1=Peter |title=Hybrid space : new forms in digital architecture |date=1999 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |___location=London |isbn=0500341737}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baradaran Rahimi|first1=Farzan|last2=Levy|first2=Richard M.|last3=Boyd|first3=Jeffrey E.|date=2021-02-01|title=Hybrid Space: An Emerging Opportunity That Alternative Reality Technologies Offer to the Museums|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331218793065|journal=Space and Culture|language=en|volume=24|issue=1|pages=83–96|doi=10.1177/1206331218793065|bibcode=2021SpCul..24...83B |s2cid=149847590 |issn=1206-3312|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and [[spatial computing]]

*[[Digital Placeplace-making]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hespanhol |first1=Luke |last2=Haeusler |first2=Hank |last3=Tomitsch |first3=Martin |last4=Tscherteu |first4=Gernot |title=Media architecture compendium : digital placemaking |date=2017 |publisher=Avedition |___location=Stuttgart, Germany |isbn=9783899862515}}</ref>

==Research groups==