Laboratory informatics: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Computerized systems for improving research management and storing data}}

Laboratory Informatics is the specialized application of information technology aimed at optimizing laboratory operations. It encompasses electronic lab notebooks, sample management, data acquisition, data processing, reporting and scientific data management. A closely related - some consider subsuming - field is [[Laboratory automation]].

'''Laboratory informatics''' is the specialized application of information technology aimed at optimizing and extending laboratory operations.<ref>Perry, Douglas. Laboratory Informatics: Origin, Scope, and its Place in Higher Education: Journal of Laboratory Information, December '''2004''', ''9(6)'', 421-428</ref> It encompasses [[data acquisition]] (e.g. through sensors and hardware<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Padhee|first1=Subhransu|last2=Prusty|first2=Sankata Bhanjan|last3=Biswal|first3=Aditya P.|last4=Pati|first4=Umesh Chandra|title=2016 IEEE Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS) |chapter=Design of an educational laboratory for measurement and data acquisition system |date=2016|___location=Bhopal, India|publisher=IEEE|pages=1–6|doi=10.1109/SCEECS.2016.7509298|isbn=978-1-4673-7918-2|s2cid=8891397}}</ref> or voice<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/the-marketplace/labtwins-ai-powered-digital-assistant-now-talks-back-and-connects-data-sources-in-the-lab-with-new-open-api-66040|title=LabTwin's AI-powered Digital Assistant Now Talks Back and Connects Data Sources in the Lab with New Open API|website=The Scientist Magazine®|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.labtwin.com/blog/why-we-use-voice-technology|title=Why We Use Voice Technology|last=Singh|first=Guru|website=www.labtwin.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Behrman|first=Alison|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGVGDwAAQBAJ&q=laboratory+data+acquisition+system+voice&pg=PA453|title=Speech and Voice Science, Third Edition|date=2017-08-28|publisher=Plural Publishing|isbn=978-1-63550-075-2|language=en}}</ref>), instrument interfacing, laboratory networking, [[data processing]], specialized data management systems (such as a [[chromatography data system]]), a [[laboratory information management system]], scientific data management (including [[data mining]] and [[data warehousing]]), and knowledge management (including the use of an [[electronic lab notebook]]). It has become more prevalent with the rise of other "[[informatics]]" disciplines such as [[bioinformatics]], [[cheminformatics]] and [[health informatics]]. Several graduate programs are focused on some form of laboratory informatics, often with a clinical emphasis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unmc.edu/pathology/clinical/clinical-programs/lab-informatics.html |title=Laboratory Informatics |website=University of Nebraska Medical Center |access-date=2016-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512064733/http://www.unmc.edu/pathology/clinical/clinical-programs/lab-informatics.html |archive-date=2015-05-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A closely related - some consider subsuming - field is [[laboratory automation]].

== Capability Areas ==

== Sub-topics in Laboratory Informatics ==

In the context of Public Health Laboratories, the [[Association of Public Health Laboratories]] has identified 19 areas for self-assessment of laboratory informatics in their Laboratories Efficiencies Initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/MRC/Documents/LEI_2013Jun_Informatics-Self-Assessment-Tool-for-PHLs.pdf |title=Informatics Self-Assessment Tool for Public Health Laboratories |website=www.aphl.org |access-date=2016-12-17 |date=2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220185749/https://www.aphl.org/MRC/Documents/LEI_2013Jun_Informatics-Self-Assessment-Tool-for-PHLs.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> These include the following Capability Areas.

* Laboratory Test Request and Sample Receiving

* Test Preparation, LIMS Processing, Test Results Recording and Verification

* Report Preparation and Distribution

* Laboratory Test Scheduling

* Prescheduled Testing

* Specimen and Sample Tracking/Chain of Custody

* Media, Reagents, Controls: Manufacturing and Inventory

* Interoperability and Data Exchange

* Statistical Analysis and Surveillance

* Billing for Laboratory Services

* Contract and Grant Management

* Training, Education and Resource Management

* Laboratory Certifications/Licensing

* [[Customer Relationship Management]]

* Quality Control (QC) and [[Quality Assurance]] (QA) Management

* Laboratory Safety and Accident Investigation

* Laboratory Mutual Assistance/Disaster Recovery

* Core [[IT Service Management]]: Hardware, Software and Services

* Policies and Procedures, including Budgeting and Funding

== Sub-topics ==

* [[Laboratory information management system]] (LIMS)

* [[List of LIMS software packages]]

* [[Laboratory information system]] (LIS)

* [[Chromatography data system]] (CDS)

* [[Electronic lab notebook]] (ELN)

*[[List of ELN software packages]]

* [[Scientific data management system]] (SDMS)

== History and Current Challenges ==

== Technology ==

== Implementation Methodologies ==

== Education and Training ==

== Organizations ==

* [https://www.slas.org/ Society for Laboratory Automation & Screening (SLAS)]

* [[American Association for Clinical Chemistry]] (AACC)

* [http://www.limsforum.com/ Laboratory Informatics Institute]

== Publications ==

* [http://americanlaboratory.com/ American Laboratory]

* Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation (JALA)

* American Laboratory

== See also ==

* [[Informatics (academic field)]]

== Further reading ==

* Nakagawa, Allen S., ''LIMS implementation and management.'', Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, '''1994'''

* Liscouski, Joe, ''Laboratory and Scientific Computing a Strategic Approach.'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, '''1995'''

* Gibbon, Gerst, "A Brief History of LIMS.", ''Laboratory Automation and Information Management'' '''1996''', ''32(1)'', 1-5

* Myers, J. D.; Fox-Dobbs, C.; Laird, J.; Le, Dai; Reich, D.; Curtz, T., "Electronic laboratory notebooks for collaborative research.", In ''Proceedings of the 5th International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE'96) (WET-ICE '96)'' IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, '''1996''', 47-.

* Paszko, Christine; Pugsley, Carol, "Considerations in selecting a laboratory information management system (LIMS).", ''American Laboratory'', '''2000''', ''32(18)'', 38-42

* Paszko, Christine; Turner, Elizabeth; Hinton, Mary D., ''Laboratory Information Management Systems'', Revised & Expanded. CRC Press, '''2001'''

* Tracy, Douglas S.; Nash, Robert A., "A Validation Approach for Laboratory Information Management Systems.", ''Journal of Validation Technology'', '''2002''', ''9(1)'', 6-14

* Perry, Douglas, [http://jla.sagepub.com/content/9/6/421.full "Laboratory Informatics: Origin, Scope, and its Place in Higher Education."], ''Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation'', '''2004''', ''9(6)'', 421 - 428

* Sterling, James D., [http://jla.sagepub.com/content/9/5/11A.full.pdf+html "Laboratory Automation Education."], ''Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation'', '''2004''', ''9(5)'', A11-A12

* Sterling, James D., [http://jla.sagepub.com/content/9/5/331.full.pdf+html "Laboratory automation curriculum at Keck Graduate Institute."], ''Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation'', '''2004''', ''9(5)'', 331-335

* Taylor, Keith, [http://www.atriumresearch.com/library/Taylor_Electronic_laboratory_notebooks.pdf "The status of electronic laboratory notebooks for chemistry and biology."], ''Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development'', '''2006''', ''9(3)'': 348-353

* Wood, Simon, [http://www.americanlaboratory.com/914-Application-Notes/1436-Comprehensive-Laboratory-Informatics-A-Multilayer-Approach/ "Comprehensive Laboratory Informatics: A Multilayer Approach."], ''American Laboratory'', '''2007''', ''39(16)'', 20-23

* Metrick, Gloria, [http://www.americanlaboratory.com/913-Technical-Articles/35129-Three-Issues-of-LIMS-Laboratory-Informatics-That-Can-Cost-Money/ "Three Issues of LIMS/Laboratory Informatics That Can Cost Money."], ''American Laboratory'', '''2007''', ''39(21)'', 10-11

* Calva, Diana; Lehman, Mario, [http://paper.ijcsns.org/07_book/200812/20081213.pdf "An analysis of the possible applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques to a Clinical Laboratory Information Management System."], ''International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security'', '''2008''', ''8(12)'', 82-86

* Shah, Kim, [http://www.pharmtech.com/elevating-laboratory-informatics-assist-decision-making "Elevating laboratory informatics to assist decision-making."], ''Pharmaceutical Technology Europe'', '''2009''', ''21(5)''

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Informatics}}

[[Category:Laboratory equipment]]

{{Uncategorized|date=November 2010}}

[[Category:Science software]]

[[Category:Health informatics]]

[[Category:Data management software]]

[[Category:Information science by discipline]]