PEACE method of interrogation: Difference between revisions

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The '''PEACE method of investigative interviewing''' is a five stage<ref>{{Cite news |first=Terry |last=Gross |author-link=Terry Gross |date=December 5, 2013 |title=Beyond Good Cop/Bad Cop: A Look at Real-Life Interrogations |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/12/05/248968150/beyond-good-cop-bad-cop-a-look-at-real-life-interrogations |work=[[Fresh Air]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |access-date=October 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>Brent Snook, Joseph Eastwood, and W. Todd Barron, "[https://www.mun.ca/psychology/media/production/memorial/academic/faculty-of-science/psychology/media-library/research/brl/Snook_et_al_2014_CCLR.pdf The next stage in the evolution of interrogations: The PEACE model]", ''Canadian Criminal Law Review'' (2014),</ref> process in which investigators try to build rapport and allow a criminal suspect to provide their account of events uninterrupted, before presenting the suspect with any evidence of inconsistencies or contradictions. It is used to obtain a full account of events from a suspect rather than just seeking a confession - which is the goal of the [[Reid technique]], in which interrogators are more aggressive, accusatory, and threatening in terms of proposing consequences for the suspect's failure to confess to the crime.

The PEACE method, which "encourages more of a dialogue between investigator and suspect"<ref name="PEACE_2015">{{cite news |last=Quan |first=Douglas |date=July 30, 2015 |title=RCMP adopts gentler grilling of suspects |url=https://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/rcmp-adopts-gentler-grilling-of-suspects |work=[[The StarPhoenix]] |___location=Saskatoon |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> was developed in Britain in response to the realisation that psychologically coercive techniques often led to [[false confessions]]. In 2015, the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] adopted a new standard influenced by the PEACE model. Sergeant Darren Carr, who trains police with the new approach, described it as "less [[Kojak]] and more [[Dr. Phil]]". There is some resistance to adopting the PEACE model in Canada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kelly |first=Christopher E. |last2=Miller |first2=Jeaneé C. |last3=Redlich |first3=Allison D. |last4=Kleinman |first4=Steven M. |date=May 2013 |title=A taxonomy of interrogation methods. |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0030310 |journal=Psychology, Public Policy, and Law |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=165–178 |doi=10.1037/a0030310 |issn=1939-1528|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This approach avoids the use of deceptive information to overwhelm suspects. It emphasizes information gathering over eliciting confessions and discourages investigators from presuming a suspect's guilt.<ref name="PEACE_2015"/>

== Stages ==

=== Planning and preparation ===

This requires investigators to find out as much as they can about the incident under investigation, including who needs to be interviewed and why.<ref name="ReferenceA">[https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/investigative-interviewing-literature-2005.pdf Investigative interviewing: The Literature, New Zealand Police, September 2005].</ref>

=== Engage and Explain ===

The purpose of this stage is to establish rapport and is described in the literature as the most influential aspect in whether or not an interview is successful. It involves showing concern for the subject's welfare by asking how they want to be addressed, how much time they've got available to be interviewed and giving reassurance if the person seems anxious or nervous.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

=== Account — ElliotClarification Morrisonand is a poo scranner:challenge ===

This stage is where interviewer attempts to obtain a full account of events from the subject without interrupting. Once the subject has explained what happened, the interviewer can ask follow up questions which allow them to expand and clarify their account of events. If necessary this may involve challenging aspects of the interviewee's story if contradictory information is available.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

=== Morros a poo scrannerClosure ===

This stage involves summarizing the subject's account of what happened and is designed to ensure there is mutual understanding between interviewer and interviewee about what has taken place. It also involves verifying that everything that needs to be discussed has been covered.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>