Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic: Difference between revisions

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<!-- The use of "Customised" in this article is not a spelling mistake—it is the spelling used by 3GPP in their technical recommendations for CAMEL (en-GB spelling).-->

'''CustomisedCustomized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic''', or ('''CAMEL ([[ETSI]] TS 123 078''') for short, is a set of standards designed to work on either a [[Network Switching Subsystem|GSM core network]] or the [[Universal Mobile Telecommunications System| UMTS]] (UMTS) network(4g+LTE.+cGHsa+. The Theyframework allowprovides antools operatorfor operators to define servicesadditional overfeatures and abovefor standard [[GSM services]]/UMTS services. The CAMEL architecture is based on the [[Intelligent networkNetwork]] (IN) standards, and uses the [[CamelCAMEL Application Part|CAP]] protocol. The protocols are codified in a series of [[ETSI]] Technical Specifications.

Many services can be created using CAMEL, and it is particularly effective in allowing these services to be offered when a subscriber is [[roaming]], like, for instance, noNo-prefix dialing (the number the user dials is the same no matter the country where the call is placed) or seamless [[Multimedia Messaging Service|MMS]] message access from abroad.

== CAMEL entities ==

* gsmSCF: GSM Service Control Function (gsmSCF)

* gsmSSF: GSM Service Switching Function (gsmSSF)

* gsmSRF: GSM Specialized Resource Function (gsmSRF)

* gprsSSF: GPRS Service Switching Function (gprsSSF)

==Specifications==

* gsmSCF: GSM Service Control Function

CAMEL wasspecification alwayswere intended to be specifiedpublished in phases.,<ref name="Release 96 Spec">[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/02_series/02.78/0278-560.zip 3GPP TS 02.78] Release 96 specification for the service aspects of CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 (zip file).</ref> with four phases having been established {{Asas of|2007}}, there have been 4 phases specified, each building on the previous phase.<ref name="Release 5 Spec">[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/22_series/22.078/22078-5f0.zip 3GPP TS 22.078] Release 5 specification for CAMEL phase 4 (zip file).</ref> Phases 1 and 2 were defined before [[3G]] networks were specifiedexisted, and as such support adding IN services to a [[Global System for Mobile Communications|GSM]] network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for [[3GPP]] Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and [[Universal Mobile Telecommunications System|UMTS]] common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.

* gsmSSF: GSM Service Switching Function

* gsmSRF: GSM Specialized Resource Function

* gprsSSF: GPRS Service Switching Function

In line with other GSM specifications, later phases should be fully backwards compatible with earlier phases; this is achieved by means of the [[Transaction Capabilities Application Part]] (TCAP) Application Context (AC) negotiation procedure, with each CAMEL phase beingis allocated its own AC version.<ref name="CAP Release 5 Spec">[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/29_series/29.078/29078-590.zip 3GPP TS 29.078] CAMEL Application Part specification for Release 5 (zipped Word document).</ref>

==Phases==

CAMEL was always intended to be specified in phases.<ref name="Release 96 Spec">[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/02_series/02.78/0278-560.zip 3GPP TS 02.78] Release 96 specification for the service aspects of CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 (zip file).</ref> {{As of|2007}}, there have been 4 phases specified, each building on the previous phase.<ref name="Release 5 Spec">[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/22_series/22.078/22078-5f0.zip 3GPP TS 22.078] Release 5 specification for CAMEL phase 4 (zip file).</ref> Phases 1 and 2 were defined before [[3G]] networks were specified, and as such support adding IN services to a [[Global System for Mobile Communications|GSM]] network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for [[3GPP]] Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and [[Universal Mobile Telecommunications System|UMTS]] common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.

=== Phase 1 ===

In line with other GSM specifications, later phases should be fully backwards compatible with earlier phases; this is achieved by means of the [[Transaction Capabilities Application Part]] (TCAP) Application Context (AC) negotiation procedure, with each CAMEL phase being allocated its own AC version.<ref name="CAP Release 5 Spec">[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/29_series/29.078/29078-590.zip 3GPP TS 29.078] CAMEL Application Part specification for Release 5 (zipped Word document).</ref>

=== Phase 1 ===

CAMEL Phase 1 defined only very basic call control services, but introduced the concept of a CAMEL [[Basic call state model]] (BCSM) to the Intelligent Network (IN). Phase 1 gave the gsmSCF the ability to bar calls (release the call prior to connection), allow a call to continue unchanged, or to modify a limited number of call parameters before allowing it to continue. The gsmSCF could also monitor the status of a call for certain events (call connection and disconnection), and take appropriate action on being informed of the event.<ref name="Release 96 Spec"/>

Phase 1 was defined as part of Release 96 in 1997.

=== Phase 2 ===

CAMEL Phase 2 enhanced the capabilities defined in Phase 1. In addition to supporting the facilities of Phase 1, Phase 2 included the following:

* Additional event detection points

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* The ability, for easier post-processing, of integrating charging information from a serving node in normal call records<ref name="Release 96 Spec"/>

Phase 2 was defined as part of [[3GPP]] Releases 97 and 98, in 1998, although it is referenced in the stage 1 specification of Release 96.

=== Phase 3 ===

The third phase of CAMEL enhanced the capabilities of phase 2. The following capabilities were added:

* Support of facilities to avoid overload

* Capabilities to support Dialed Services

* Capabilities to handle mobility events, such as (Not-)reachability and roaming;

* Control of GPRS sessions and PDP contexts

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Phase 3 was released as part of 3GPP Releases 99 and 4 in 1999.

=== Phase 4 ===

The fourth phase of CAMEL built on the capabilities of phase 3. The following features were defined:

* CAMEL supportSupport for Optimal Routing of circuit-switched mobile-to-mobile calls

* The capability for the gsmSCF to create additional parties in an existing call (Call Party Handling)

* The capability for the gsmSCF to create a new call unrelated to any other existing call (Call Party Handling - new call)

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With CAMEL Phase 4, it is possible that only a limited subset of the new functionalities is supported, in addition to the complete support of CAMEL Phase 3.

Phase 4 was released as part of [[3GPP]] Release 5 in 2002.

== See also ==

* [[Open Services Architecture]]

* [[IP Multimedia Subsystem]]

* [[Service layer]]

* [[Camel]]

== References ==

{{Reflist|2}}

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<references/>

</div>

[[Category:Signaling System 7]]

[[Category:GlobalGSM System for Mobile communicationsstandard]]

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