Modified Overt Aggression Scale: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Assessment tool for aggressive behavior}}

{{Infobox diagnostic

| name = Modified Overt Aggression Scale

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| ICD9 =

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The '''Modified Overt Aggression Scale''' ('''MOAS)''') is a four-part behavior rating scale used to evaluate and document the “frequency and severity” of aggressive episodes.<ref name=":0">Huang, H. C., Wang, Y.-T., Chen, K. C., Yeh, T. L., Lee, I. H., Chen, P. S., … Lu, R. B. (2009). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. ''International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice'', ''13''(4), 303–306.</ref>  The rating scale is made up of four categories; verbal [[aggression]], aggression against objects, aggression against self, and aggression against others.<ref name=":0" /> Each category consists of five responses, which over time can track the patient's aggressive behavior. The MOAS is one of the most widely used measures for violence and aggression.<ref name=":1">Harris, S. T., Oakley, C., & Picchioni, M. (2013). Quantifying violence in mental health research. ''Aggression and Violent Behavior,'' ''18''(6), 695-701. {{doi|10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.022}}</ref>

The scale was originally intended for use by physicians in a clinical setting, but parents may also use it to track aggressive behaviors in their children over time. It is particularly helpful in assessing aggressive behaviors in patients with [[traumatic brain injury]] (TBIs).

== Development and history ==

The test was originally designed to measure aggression in psychiatric inpatients, specifically those with [[autism]] and other intellectual disabilities.<ref>Ratey, J. J., & Gutheil, C. M. (1991). The measurement of aggressive behavior: Reflections on the use of the Overt Aggression Scale and the modified Overt Aggression Scale. ''The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3''(2), S57-S60.</ref> The scale is generally used to track aggression and aggressive acts over time, typically at one week intervals.<ref name=":1" /> It has since been used to measure the efficacy of therapy and drug treatments on aggressive behavior in clinical settings.<ref>Oliver, P. C., Crawford, M. J., Rao, B., Reece, B., & Tyrer, P. (2007). Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) for People with Intellectual Disability and Aggressive Challenging Behaviour: A Reliability Study. ''Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,'' ''20'', 368-372. {{doi|10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00346.x}}</ref> The test has since been translated into Italian,<ref>Margari, F., Matarazzo, R., Casacchia, M., Roncone, R., Dieci, M., Safran, S., . . . Simoni, L. (2005). Italian validation of MOAS and NOSIE: A useful package for psychiatric assessment and monitoring of aggressive behaviours. ''International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,,14''(2), 109-118. {{doi|10.1002/mpr.22}}</ref> Chinese,<ref name=":0" /> and French.<ref>DE BENEDICTIS, L. , DUMAIS, A. , STAFFORD, M. , CÔTÉ, G. and LESAGE, A. (2012), Factor analysis of the French version of the shorter 12‐item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) and of a new modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19: 875-880. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01870.x</ref> The scores of the scale have reported good [[Reliability (statistics)|reliability]] and [[Validity (statistics)|validity]] across multiple study samples.<ref name=":0" />

In a study conducted by Chinese researchers in 2009, the Modified Overt Aggression Scale was found to be both reliable and valid.<ref name=":0" />  The results from the study concluded there was high reliability,<ref name=":0" /> meaning the scale consistently measures the levels of aggression in each category. The MOAS is also confirmed to be valid,<ref name=":0" /> meaning the scale truly measures what it supposeis supposed to.

In 2009, a study conducted by Ira L. Cohen and her associates studied characteristics, such as aggressiveness, in people with [[Intellectual disability|intellectual disabilities]] (IDs). The MOAS was used and researchers reported it being "a reliable and valid measure of aggressiveness in this population."<ref name=":2">Cohen, I. L., Tsiouris, J. A., Flory, M. J., Kim, S.-Y., Freedland, R., Heaney, G., … Ted Brown, W. (2010). A large scale study of the psychometric characteristics of the IBR Modified Overt Aggression Scale: Findings and evidence for increased self-destructive behaviors in adult females with autism spectrum disorder. ''Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders'', ''40''(5), 599–609. {{doi|10.1007/s10803-009-0908-z}}</ref>

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There were a few problems with the study conducted in China to test reliability and validity. The participants were psychiatrists familiar with the scale, so their pre-existing knowledge could have skewed the results. The study was conducted on a small number of people, meaning its results cannot be generalized to the whole population.<ref name=":0" /> These factors contributed to a limited and specific [[Sampling (statistics)|sample size]] that may have altered the results of this study, questioning the accuracy of the reliability and validity.

The study conducted about people with IDs had minor limitations. Their standards of autistic traits were based on clinical information, instead of standard measures set by the [[Autism Diagnostic Interview|Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised]].<ref name=":2" /> Based on the large sample size of over 2,000 people though, it is not considered a major complication.{{Psychology sidebar}}

== See also ==

*[[Aggression]]

== References ==

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== Further reading ==

* {{cite journal |last1=Masters |first1=Kim J. |last2=Bellonci |first2=Christopher |author3=Work Group on Quality Issues |date=February 2002 |title=Practice parameter for the prevention and management of aggressive behavior in child and adolescent psychiatric institutions, with special reference to seclusion and restraint |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=41 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=4S–25S |doi=10.1097/00004583-200202001-00002 |doi-access=free |pmid=11833634 |url=http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)60552-9/fulltext |url-access=subscription }}

== External links ==

{{Wikiversity|Modified Overt Aggression Scale}}

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{{Psychology}}

[[Category:ClinicalMental psychologydisorders testsscreening and assessment tools]]

[[Category:Clinical psychology]]

[[Category:Psychological testing]]

[[Category:Psychological tools]]