Content deleted Content added
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Hey man im josh - 20898 |
|||
| (12 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
Line 32:
Forrest Mims was interested in science and electronics as a youth and even built an [[analog computer]] while in high school.<ref name = "ME 1987">{{cite magazine | last = Mims | first = Forrest | title = A Homebrew Analog Computer |magazine= Modern Electronics | volume = 4 | issue = 12 | pages =39–41 | date = December 1987 | issn = 0748-9889}}Mims describes the analog computer he built in high school. The article has a photograph and schematics of the computer.</ref> Mims graduated from [[Texas A&M University]] in 1966 (major in government with minors in English and history) then became a commissioned officer in the U.S. Air Force.<ref name = "Blind">{{cite news | title = New Device Helps The Blind | work = The San Antonio Light | page = 2 | date = April 15, 1966| quote = Although a political science major at A&M, Mims's second interest obviously is 'science and inventing things.'}}</ref> While serving in [[Vietnam]] as an intelligence officer, Mims continued his model rocket hobby.<ref name = "Rocketry in Vietnam">{{cite journal | last = Mims | first = Forrest M. | title = Model Rocketry in Vietnam | journal = Model Rocketry | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages =23–25 | publisher = Model Rocketry, Inc | ___location = Cambridge, MA | date = January 1970 | url = http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html}}</ref> At Texas A&M, Mims developed an infrared obstacle-sensing device and he experimented with it at the Saigon School for Blind Boys and Girls. Launching model rockets in an area accustomed to rocket attacks and working with blind children resulted in a story in the military newspaper, [[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|''Stars and Stripes'']].<ref name = "Stars Stripes 1967">{{cite journal | title = There Is No Substitute For Talent | journal = Pacific Stars and Stripes | volume = 23 | issue = 291 | page =9 | ___location = Tokyo, Japan | date = October 19, 1967}}</ref> This caught the attention of an Air Force Colonel, who arranged for Mims to be assigned to the Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland AFB even though Mims lacked an engineering degree.{{sfnp|Mims|1986 |pages=62–69}}
Roberts and Mims were both assigned to the Lab's Laser Group in 1968. Roberts had reactivated Reliance Engineering and built an infrared intrusion alarm for his uncle's fish farm in [[Florida]]. Later, Roberts and Stan Cagle, a civilian worker who also went to Oklahoma State, started building a power supply they hoped to sell.{{sfnp|Mims|1986|pages=27–28}} Mims became an advisor to the Albuquerque Model Rocket Club and met George J. Flynn, the publisher of [[Model Rocketry (magazine)|''Model Rocketry'']] magazine, in July 1969. Mims told him about a transistorized tracking light that he had used on night launches of rockets in Vietnam. This led to an article in the September 1969 issue of ''Model Rocketry''; "Transistorized Tracking Light for Night Launched Model Rockets" by Captain Forrest Mims.<ref name = "Tracking Light">{{cite journal | last = Mims | first = Forrest M. | title = Transistorized Tracking Light for Night Launched Model Rockets | journal = Model Rocketry | volume = 1 | issue = 11 | pages =9–11 | publisher = Model Rocketry, Inc | ___location = Cambridge, MA | date = September 1969 | url = http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html}}</ref> Mims became a regular contributor to ''Model Rocketry''.
===Model rocket kits===
[[File:MITS Rocket Light Flasher.jpg|thumb|right| Transistorized tracking light for model rockets. The product that launched MITS]]
<blockquote>Reliance Engineering in Albuquerque, New Mexico has announced the formation of a subsidiary company for the manufacture of miniaturized electronic and telemetry systems designed for model rockets. The company is called Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS). Reliance Engineering president Henry Roberts announced that "MITS is presently conducting an intensive research program involving high quality miniature telemetry systems."</blockquote>
<blockquote> The first commercially available model rocket telemetry transmitter is among the first items to be offered by MITS. Accessory modules including a tone beacon, temperature sensor, and a roll rate sensor, as well as tracking lights, ground systems for data reduction, and light weight, water activated batteries will soon be available.<ref name = "Press Release 1969">{{cite journal | title = New Product Notes | journal = Model Rocketry | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | page =37 | publisher = Model Rocketry, Inc | ___location = Cambridge, MA | date = December 1969 | url = http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/rockets/ModelRocketry/ModelRocketry.html}}</ref> </blockquote>
Line 48:
== Calculators ==
[[File:MITS Calculator 1200 Series 1973 advertisement.jpg|thumb|right| Sales had reached $100,000 per month when this advertisement ran in March 1973.]]
Ed Roberts' interest in computers began in high school when he built a simple digital computer from relays. His first real experience with computers came while at [[Oklahoma State University]] where engineering students had free access to an [[IBM 1620]] computer. Roberts' office at Weapons Laboratory had the state of the art [[Hewlett-Packard 9100A]] programmable calculator in 1968. In July 1970, a semiconductor company, [[Electronic Arrays]], announced a set of six LSI ICs that would make a four-function calculator.<ref name = "EAS100">{{cite journal | title = New Products: Do-it-yourself Electronic Calculator | journal = Computer | volume = 3 | issue = 6 | pages =38–41 | publisher = IEEE | date = November 1970 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ2wAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Electronic+Arrays%22+Calculator | doi = 10.1109/C-M.1970.216730 | quote = Electronic Arrays has developed the EAS100, a set of MOS LSI circuits for a 16 digit calculator with 8 digit display capability.| url-access = subscription }}</ref><ref name = "Calculator Patent">{{US patent reference | number = 3800129 | y = 1974 | m = 03 | d = 26 | inventor = Richard H. Umstattd | title = MOS Desk Calculator}} The Electronic Arrays, Inc. calculator chip set that was used in the MITS 816 calculator.</ref> Roberts was determined to design a calculator kit.
To fund the new project, Roberts sold 15% of MITS to fellow Air Force officer, Lieutenant William Yates. He also got an investment from another Weapons Laboratory officer, Major Ed Laughlin. Several other officers and
The MITS 816 was known as a "four-function" calculator; it could add, subtract, multiply and divide. The display was only 8
The steady flow of calculator sales allowed MITS to run full page advertisements in ''Radio-Electronics'', ''Popular Electronics'' and ''Scientific American''. In the June 1972 ''Radio-Electronics'', MITS announced a 14 digit calculator (Model 1440) with memory and square root function for $199.95 kit and $249.95 assembled. The original 816 kit was reduced from $179 to $149.95. Both calculators could be controlled by upcoming programming unit.<ref name = "RE June 1972">{{cite magazine | title = MITS announces our forth generation. |magazine= Radio-Electronics | volume = 43 | issue = 6 | page =13 | date = June 1972}} Full page advertisement of the Model 1440 calculator.</ref>
The monthly sales reached $100,000 in March 1973 and MITS moved to larger building with 10,000 square feet (930 square meters) of space.<ref name = "Albq Tribune Apr 1973">{{cite news | last = Lucas | first = Urith | title = Albq calculator firm to expand plant, triple number of employees | work = The Albuquerque Tribune | page = C14 | date = April 20, 1973}} Summary: MITS to move to the Cal-Lin Building, 6328 Linn NE in May. Now at 5404 Coal SE. Employment is expected to rise from 62 to 180 or 200. Company will have 10,000 square feet on one floor. Calculator sales reached $100,000 in March.</ref> To meet the demand for assembled calculators, an automated [[Wave soldering|wave solder machine]] was installed.<ref>{{harvp|Roberts|Mims|1974|pages=74–83}} The "Calculator Manufacturing" section describes in detail how MITS produces calculators and has 10 photographs of the process.</ref> In 1973 MITS was selling every calculator they could make
The functionality of calculator ICs increased at a rapid pace and Roberts was designing and producing new models. The MITS 7400 scientific and engineering calculator was introduced in December 1972. It featured trigonometric functions, polar to rectangular conversion, two memories, and up to a seven-level [[Stack (data structure)|stack]]. A kit with a three-level stack was $299.95 and an assembled unit with a seven-level stack was $419.95.<ref name = "RE December 1972">{{cite magazine | title = A New Standard! MITS 7400 Scientific and Engineering Calculator |magazine= Radio-Electronics | volume = 43 | issue = 12 | page =17 | date = December 1972}} Full page advertisement of the Model 7400 scientific calculator.</ref> The next month the Series 1200 four-function pocket calculators were announced. The six-digit model was $59.95 and the twelve-digit model was $99.95.
Line 128:
| publisher = Bonnier Corporation }}ADM-3A Terminal cost $795 (kit) and $895 (assembled).</ref> Most of these computers had a front panel with toggle switches for entering data and lights for displaying it. These were normally used to boot the computer and to diagnose problems.
The Altair 8800 kit came with a front panel, a CPU board with the Intel 8080 microprocessor, 256 bytes of RAM, a 4-slot backplane and an 8-amp power supply for $439.<ref name = "MITS Price List">{{cite magazine | author = MITS |date=August 1975 | title = Worlds Most Inexpensive BASIC language system |magazine= Popular Electronics | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | page =1 | publisher = Ziff Davis}}</ref> A 1k byte memory board was $176 and the 4k byte board was $264. The serial interface board was $124 and the parallel interface was $119. The Teletype Model 33 ASR was $1500. There was a special price for an 8k byte system with [[Altair BASIC]] ([[Microsoft]]'s first ever product) for $995. [[Bill Gates]]
When the January 1975 issue of ''Popular Electronics'' reached readers in mid December 1974, MITS was flooded with orders. They had to hire extra people just to answer the phones. In February, MITS received 1,000 orders for the Altair 8800. The quoted delivery time was 60 days but it was many more months before the machines were shipped. By August 1975, they had shipped over 5,000 computers.<ref name = "Byte Oct 1975">{{cite magazine | last = Green | first = Wayne |date=October 1975 | title = From the Publisher .. Are they real? |magazine= BYTE | volume = 1 | issue = 2 |pages=61, 81, 87 | publisher = Green Publishing}} In August 1975, Wayne Green visited several personal computer manufacturers. A photo caption in his trip report says; "Meanwhile, at MITS, over 5,000 Altair 8800's have been shipped. Here is a view of part of the production line."</ref>
Line 197:
The Altair products were merged into the Pertec line and the MITS facility was used to produce the PCC-2000 small-business computer. The Albuquerque plant was closed in December 1980 and the production was moved to Pertec plants in Irvine, California.<ref name = "InfoWorld Dec 1980">{{cite magazine | last = Milewski | first = Richard | title = Last Vestige of Mits Closes |magazine= InfoWorld | volume = 2 | issue = 22 | page =7 | date = December 8, 1980 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mD4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6 | issn = 0199-6649 | publisher = InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.}}</ref>
By the end of 1977 Roberts left MITS and returned to Georgia to be a gentleman farmer. He studied medicine at [[Mercer University]] in Macon, Georgia and graduated with a [[M.D.]] in 1986. Roberts practiced medicine in [[Cochran, Georgia]]
== Works cited ==
Line 228 ⟶ 224:
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090408081557/http://www.sunandsky.org/MITS_History.php Forrest Mims - Early Days At MITS]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005221730/http://www.altair32.com/Altair32history.htm Brief History of the Altair. Copies of Altair articles in ''Popular Electronics'']
{{DEFAULTSORT:Micro Instrumentation And Telemetry Systems}}
| |||