X-linked dominant inheritance: Difference between revisions

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''Main Article:'' <u>[[Sex linkage]]</u>{{short description|Mode of inheritance}}
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[[File:X-linked dominant.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|X-linked dominant inheritance]]
 
'''X-linked dominant inheritance''', sometimes referred to as '''X-linked dominance''', is a mode of [[Genetics|genetic]] [[Heredity|inheritance]] by which a [[dominant gene]] is carried on the [[X chromosome]]. As an inheritance pattern, it is less common than the [[X-linked recessive inheritance|X-linked recessive]] type. In medicine, X-linked dominant inheritance indicates that a gene responsible for a [[genetic disorder]] is located on the X chromosome, and only one copy of the [[allele]] is sufficient to cause the disorder when inherited from a parent who has the disorder. In this case, someone who [[Gene expression|expresses]] an X-linked dominant allele will exhibit the disorder and be considered affected.{{cn|date=January 2024}} The pattern of inheritance is sometimes called ''criss-cross inheritance''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meneely |first=Philip Mark |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/951645141 |title=Genetics: genes, genomes, and evolution |last2=Dawes Hoang |first2=Rachel |last3=Okeke |first3=Iruka N. |last4=Heston |first4=Katherine |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-879536-0 |___location=Oxford |pages=271 |oclc=951645141}}</ref>
 
X-linked dominant traits do not necessarily affect males more than females (unlike [[X-linked recessive]] traits). The exact pattern of inheritance varies, depending on whether the father or the mother has the trait of interest. All fathers that are affected by an X-linked dominant disorder will have affected daughters but not affected sons. However, if the mother is also affected then sons will have a chance of being affected, depending on whether a dominant or recessive X chromosome is passed on. When the son is affected, the mother will always be affected. Some X-linked dominant conditions are embryonic lethal in males, making them appear to only occur in females.<ref>{{cnCite journal |last=Wettke-Schäfer |first=Roswitha |last2=Kantner |first2=Gisela |date=AprilJuly 1983 |title=X-linked dominant inherited diseases with lethality in hemizygous males |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00289472 |journal=Human Genetics |language=en |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1007/BF00289472 |issn=1432-1203|url-access=subscription 2022}}</ref>
 
==Genetics==
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==List of dominant X-linked diseases==
* [[Vitamin D]] resistant [[rickets]]: [[X-linked hypophosphatemia]]
* [[Rett syndrome]] (95% of cases are due to sporadic mutations(not inherited))
* [[Fragile-X Syndromesyndrome]]
* Most cases of [[Alport syndrome]]<ref name=pmid14514738>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jais JP, Knebelmann B, Giatras I, De Marchi M, Rizzoni G, Renieri A, Weber M, Gross O, Netzer KO, Flinter F, Pirson Y, Dahan K, Wieslander J, Persson U, Tryggvason K, Martin P, Hertz JM, Schröder C, Sanak M, Carvalho MF, Saus J, Antignac C, Smeets H, Gubler MC | display-authors = 6 | title = X-linked Alport syndrome: natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations in girls and women belonging to 195 families: a "European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action" study | journal = Journal of the American Society of Nephrology | volume = 14 | issue = 10 | pages = 2603–10 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 14514738 | doi = 10.1097/01.ASN.0000090034.71205.74 | doi-access = free | hdl = 2078.1/40773 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
* [[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dermnetnz.org/systemic/incontinentia-pigmenti.html | title = Incontinentia pigmenti | first = Vanessa | last = Ngan | name-list-style = vanc | publisher = DermNet NZ | date = 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{EMedicine|article|1114205|Incontinentia Pigmenti}}</ref>
* [[Giuffrè–Tsukahara syndrome]]<ref name=pmid20635354>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dalal AB, Sarkar A, Priya TP, Nandineni MR | title = Giuffrè-Tsukahara syndrome: Evidence for X-linked dominant inheritance and review | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A | volume = 152A | issue = 8 | pages = 2057–60 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20635354 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.33505 }}</ref>
* [[Goltz syndrome]]
* X-linked dominant [[porphyria]]<ref name=pmid24131146>{{cite journal | vauthors = Seager MJ, Whatley SD, Anstey AV, Millard TP | title = X-linked dominant protoporphyria: a new porphyria | journal = Clinical and Experimental Dermatology | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–7 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24131146 | doi = 10.1111/ced.12202 }}</ref>
* [[Aicardi Syndromesyndrome]]
 
== See also ==