Hangul consonant and vowel tables: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Components of the Korean alphabet}}

{{UnreferencedMore citation needed|date=DecemberJune 20092025}}

The following tables of [[consonants]] and [[vowels]] (''jamo'') of the [[Korean alphabet]] (''[[Hangul]]'') display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are separateddivided into tables of initials (leading consonants), vowels (medialmiddle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).

The ''jamo'' shown below are individually [[romanized]] according to the [[Revised Romanization of Hangeul]] (''RR Transliteration''), which is a system of [[transliteration]] rules between the Korean and [[Latin script|Roman]] alphabets, originating from [[South Korea]]. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] of the [[Korean language]] as the overarching ''Revised Romanization of Korean'' system takes Áppĺé[[Revised Romanization of Korean#Special provisions|contextual sound changes]] into account.

== Leading consonants ==

Called ''choseong'', or "initials", there are 19 initial consonants, whereof one (ㅇ) is silent, and five (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉApple) are doubled:

{|class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"

|- style="background:#E8E8FF"

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" rowspan="2" | Basic jamo

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Hangul

| lang="ko" | ㄱ || lang="ko" | ㄴ || lang="ko" | ㄷ || lang="ko" | ㄹ || lang="ko" | ㅁ || lang="ko" | ㅂ || lang="ko" | ㅅ || lang="ko" | ㅇ || lang="ko" | ㅈ || lang="ko" | ㅊ || lang="ko" | ㅋ || lang="ko" | ㅌ || lang="ko" | ㅍ || lang="ko" | ㅎ

|-

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Roman

| g/k || n || d || r/l || m || b || s || -/ng || j || ch || k || t || p || h

|- style="background:#EEF"

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" rowspan="2" | Composite

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Hangul

| lang="ko" | ㄲ || || lang="ko" | ㄸ || || || lang="ko" | ㅃ || lang="ko" | ㅆ || || lang="ko" | ㅉ || || || || ||

|-

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Roman

| gg/kk || || tt || || || bb/pp || ss || || jj || || || || ||

|}

== Medial vowels ==

Called ''jungseong'', or "vowels", there are 21 medial vowels:

{|class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center"

|+Á

|-

!colspan="2"|

!scope="col" colspan="7"| Basic form

!scope colspan="col3" colspanscope="5col" | +e/i

|- style="background:#E8E8FF"

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" rowspan="2" | Basic jamo

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Hangul

| lang="ko" | ㅏ || lang="ko" | ㅓ || lang="ko" | ㅗ || lang="ko" | ㅜ || lang="ko" | ㅡ || lang="ko" colspan=2 | ㅣ

| lang="ko" | ㅐ || lang="ko" | ㅔ || lang="ko" | ㅚ{{efn|name=oe}} || lang="ko" | ㅟ{{efn|name=wi}} || lang="ko" | ㅢ

|-

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Roman

| a || eo || o || u || eu || colspan=2 | i

| ae || e || oe || wi || ui

|- style="background:#E8E8FF"

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" rowspan="2" | y+

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Hangul

| lang="ko" | ㅑ || lang="ko" | ㅕ || lang="ko" | ㅛ || lang="ko" | ㅠ || || colspan=2 |

| lang="ko" | ㅒ || lang="ko" | ㅖ || || ||

|-

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Roman

| ya || yeo|| yo || yu || || colspan=2 |

| yae || ye || || ||

|- style="background:#E8E8FF"

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" rowspan="2" | w+

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Hangul

| lang="ko" | ㅘ || lang="ko" | ㅝ || || || || ㅚ{{efn|name=oe}} || ㅟ{{efn|name=wi}}

| lang="ko" | ㅙ || lang="ko" | ㅞ || || ||

|-

!scope="row" style="text-align:left" | Roman

| wa || wo || || || || oe || wi

| wae || we || || ||

|}

{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=oe|These two are identical.}}

{{efn|name=wi|These two are identical.}}

}}

== Trailing consonants ==

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{{redirect|Hangul syllables|the Unicode block|Hangul Syllables}}

{{See also|List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards}}

With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible medial (one- or two-letter) vowels, and 28 possible final consonants (of which one corresponds to the case of no final consonant), there are a total of {{Equationmath|1=19 *× 21 *× 28 = 11,172}} [[Permutation|permutations]] of ''theoretically'' possible "Korean syllable letters" ({{Korean|hangul=글자|rr=geulja|lit=letter}}),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/news/12/128.htm |script-title=ko:한글 자모의 배열 순서 |trans-title=The order of Korean alphabet |last=Lee |first=Sung-jae |work=[[National Institute of Korean Language]] |access-date=3 June 2025 |language=ko}}</ref> which are contiguously encoded in the 11,172 Unicode code points from U+AC00 (Decimal: {{Base|44,032|10}}) through U+D7A3 (Decimal: {{Base|55,203|10}}= 44,032 + 11,171) within the [[Hangul Syllables]] Unicode block. However, the majority of these theoretically possible syllables do not correspond to syllables found in actual Korean words or proper names.

Jump to tables with initial letter:

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* [[Korean alphabet]]

* [[List of Hangul jamo]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Hangul Jamo}}