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{{Short description|Physics technique}}
'''Single Particle Extinction and Scattering (SPES)''' is a technique in [[physics]] that is used to characterise micro and [[nanoparticle]]s suspended in a fluid through two independent parameters, the diameter and the [[refractive index|effective refractive index]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Single particle extinction and scattering optical method unveils in real time the influence of the blood components on polymeric nanoparticles |journal = Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine|volume = 13|issue = 8|last1=Sanvito |first1=Tiziano |last2=Bigini |first2=Paolo |date=November 2017 |pages=2597–2603 |doi=10.1016/j.nano.2017.07.008 |pmid=28756089 |last3=Cavanna |first3=Maria V. |last4=Fiordaliso |first4=Fabio |last5=Violatto |first5=Martina B. |last6=Talamini |first6=Laura |last7=Salmona |first7=Mario |last8=Milani |first8=Paolo |last9=Potenza |first9=Marco A. C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Detecting the shape of anisotropic gold nanoparticles in dispersion with single particle extinction and scattering |last1=Dawson |first1=K. A. |last2=Milani |first2=P. |date=2017-02-23 |journal=Nanoscale |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=2778–2784 |language=en |doi=10.1039/C6NR08977A |last3=Castagnola |first3=V. |last4=Boselli |first4=L. |last5=Cella |first5=C. |last6=Araújo |first6=J. M. de |last7=Monopoli |first7=M. |last8=Cai |first8=Q. |last9=Sanvito |first9=T.|pmid=28155930 |doi-access=free |hdl=2434/701388 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
A [[laser]] generates a [[gaussian beam]] which focuses inside a flow cell. A particle that passes through the focal region generates an interference in the beam, which is collected with a sensor. Through this signal it is possible to derive the real part and the imaginary part of the forward scattering field from each particle.
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