Moving particle semi-implicit method: Difference between revisions

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The '''moving particle semi-implicit''' ('''MPS''') '''method''' is a computational method for the simulation of [[incompressible flow|incompressible]] [[free surface flow]]s. It is a macroscopic, deterministic particle method (Lagrangian [[meshfree method|mesh-free method]]) developed by [[doi:10.13182/NSE96-A24205|Koshizuka and Oka (1996)]].

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The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is a macroscopic, deterministic particle method (Lagrangian [[meshfree method]]) developed by Koshizuka and Oka (1996) initially for the simulation of incompressible free-surface fluid flows. The MPS method is similar to the SPH ([[Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics]]) method (Gingold and Monaghan, 1977; Lucy, 1977) in that both methods provide approximations to the strong form of the [[Partial Differential Equations]] (PDEs) on the basis of integral interpolants. However, the MPS method applies simplified differential operator models solely based on a local weighted averaging process without taking the gradient of a kernel function. In addition, the solution process of MPS method differs to that of the original SPH method as the solutions to the PDEs are obtained through a semi-implicit prediction-correction process rather than the fully explicit one in original SPH method.

Through the past years, the MPS method has been applied in a wide range of engineering applications including Coastal Engineering (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563405001239 Gotoh et al., 2005]; [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.10.007 Gotoh and Sakai, 2006]), Structural Engineering (e.g. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/60q68ha4pfl7n6nf/ Chikazawa et al., 2001]), Nuclear Engineering (Koshizuka and Oka, 2001), Mechanical Engineering, (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00011-X Heo et al., 2002]), Bioengineering (e.g. [http://www.jamstec.go.jp/esc/publication/journal/jes_vol.5/pdf/JES5_21-Tsubota.pdf Tsubota et al., 2001]) and Chemical Engineering (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.034 Sun et al., 2009]). Improved versions of MPS method have been proposed for enhancement of stability (e.g. [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/2910/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 Koshizuka et al., 1998]; [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2005.12.002 Ataie-Ashtiani and Farhadi, 2006]), momentum conservation (e.g. Hamiltonian MPS by [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006 Suzuki et al., 2007]; Corrected MPS by [http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563408001788 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2008]), mechanical energy conservation (e.g. Hamiltonian MPS by [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006 Suzuki et al., 2007]) and pressure calculation (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.004 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2009]).

==Method==

{{expand section|date=July 2012}}

The MPS method is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in a Lagrangian framework. A fractional step method is applied which consists of splitting each time step in two steps of prediction and correction. The fluid is represented with particles, and the motion of each particle is calculated based on the interactions with the neighboring particles by means of a kernel function.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nabian|first=Mohammad Amin|last2=Farhadi|first2=Leila|title=Multiphase Mesh-Free Particle Method for Simulating Granular Flows and Sediment Transport|journal=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering|language=en|volume=143|issue=4|pages=04016102|doi=10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001275|year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nabian|first=Mohammad Amin|last2=Farhadi|first2=Leila|date=2014-08-03|chapter=Numerical Simulation of Solitary Wave Using the Fully Lagrangian Method of Moving Particle Semi Implicit|pages=V01DT30A006|doi=10.1115/FEDSM2014-22237|title=Volume 1D, Symposia: Transport Phenomena in Mixing; Turbulent Flows; Urban Fluid Mechanics; Fluid Dynamic Behavior of Complex Particles; Analysis of Elementary Processes in Dispersed Multiphase Flows; Multiphase Flow with Heat/Mass Transfer in Process Technology; Fluid Mechanics of Aircraft and Rocket Emissions and Their Environmental Impacts; High Performance CFD Computation; Performance of Multiphase Flow Systems; Wind Energy; Uncertainty Quantification in Flow Measurements and Simulations|isbn=978-0-7918-4624-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nabian|first=Mohammad Amin|last2=Farhadi|first2=Leila|date=2014-11-14|chapter=Stable Moving Particle Semi Implicit Method for Modeling Waves Generated by Submarine Landslides|pages=V007T09A019|doi=10.1115/IMECE2014-40419|title=Volume 7: Fluids Engineering Systems and Technologies|isbn=978-0-7918-4954-5}}</ref> The MPS method is similar to the SPH ([[smoothed-particle hydrodynamics]]) method ([[doi:10.1093/mnras/181.3.375|Gingold and Monaghan, 1977]]; [[doi:10.1086/112164|Lucy, 1977]]) in that both methods provide approximations to the strong form of the [[partial differential equations]] (PDEs) on the basis of integral interpolants. However, the MPS method applies simplified [[differential operator]] models solely based on a local [[Weighted average|weighted averaging]] process without taking the [[gradient]] of a kernel function. In addition, the solution process of MPS method differs to that of the original SPH method as the solutions to the PDEs are obtained through a semi-implicit prediction-correction process rather than the fully explicit one in original SPH method.

==Applications==

Through the past years, the MPS method has been applied in a wide range of engineering applications including Nuclear Engineering (e.g. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-5493(98)00270-2 Koshizuka et al., 1999]; Koshizuka and Oka, 2001; [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.01.011 Xie et al., 2005]), Coastal Engineering (e.g. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563405001239 Gotoh et al., 2005]; [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.10.007 Gotoh and Sakai, 2006]), Environmental Hydraulics (e.g. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2132 Shakibaeina and Jin, 2009]; [http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0001275 Nabian and Farhadi, 2016]), Ocean Engineering ([https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.12.012 Shibata and Koshizuka, 2007]; [https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00773-007-0260-y Sueyoshi et al., 2008]; [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111569 Zuo et al. 2022]), Structural Engineering (e.g. [https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004660000216 Chikazawa et al., 2001]), Mechanical Engineering (e.g. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00011-X Heo et al., 2002]; [https://archive.today/20130223115811/http://link.aip.org/link/?PHFLE6/21/032106/1 Sun et al., 2009]), Bioengineering (e.g. [http://www.jamstec.go.jp/esc/publication/journal/jes_vol.5/pdf/JES5_21-Tsubota.pdf Tsubota et al., 2006]) and Chemical Engineering (e.g. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.034 Sun et al., 2009]; [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.07.016 Xu and Jin, 2018]).

==Improvements==

Improved versions of MPS method have been proposed for enhancement of numerical stability (e.g. [https://archive.today/20130105131748/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/2910/abstract Koshizuka et al., 1998]; [https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1106 Zhang et al., 2005]; [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2005.12.002 Ataie-Ashtiani and Farhadi, 2006];[https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2132 Shakibaeina and Jin, 2009]; [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112771 Jandaghian and Shakibaeinia, 2020]; [[doi:10.1016/j.enganabound.2021.06.018|Cheng et al. 2021]]), momentum conservation (e.g. Hamiltonian MPS by [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006 Suzuki et al., 2007]; Corrected MPS by [https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563408001788 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2008]; Enhanced MPS by [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112771 Jandaghian and Shakibaeinia, 2020]), mechanical energy conservation (e.g. Hamiltonian MPS by [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006 Suzuki et al., 2007]), pressure calculation (e.g. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.004 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2009], [https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2207 Kondo and Koshizuka, 2010], [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2010.01.001 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2010], [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2019.104235 Xu and Jin, 2019]), and for simulation of multiphase and granular flows ([http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0001275 Nabian and Farhadi 2016]; [https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.320 Xu and Jin, 2021]; [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01766-4 Xu and Li, 2022]).

== References ==

1) B. Ataie-Ashtiani and L. Farhadi, “A stable moving particle semi-implicit method for free surface flows,” Fluid Dynamics Research 38, 241-256, 2006.

2)* YR. Chikazawa, SA. Koshizuka,Gingold and YJ.J. OkaMonaghan, “A"Smoothed particle methodhydrodynamics: for elastictheory and visco-plasticapplication structures andto fluidnon-structurespherical interactionsstars,”" ComputMon. MechNot. 27R. Astron. Soc., Vol 181, pp. 97-106&nbsp;375–89, 20011977.

3)* RL.AB. GingoldLucy, and"A J.J.numerical Monaghan,approach “Smoothedto particlethe hydrodynamics:testing theoryof andthe applicationfission to non-spherical starshypothesis,” Mon. Not. R." Astron. SocJ., Vol 18182, pp. 375-89&nbsp;1013–1024, 1977.

4)* HS. GotohKoshizuka and TY. SakaiOka, “Key"Moving issuesparticle in the particlesemi-implicit method for computationfragmentation of waveincompressible breakingfluid,”" CoastalNuclear Science and Engineering, Vol 53, No 2-3123, pp. 171-179&nbsp;421–434, 20061996.

* S. Koshizuka, A. Nobe and Y. Oka, "Numerical Analysis of Breaking Waves Using the Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method," Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluid, Vol 26, pp.&nbsp;751–769, 1998.

5) H. Gotoh, H. Ikari, T. Memita and T. Sakai, “Lagrangian particle method for simulation of wave overtopping on a vertical seawall,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol 47, No 2-3, pp. 157-181, 2005.

6)* S. HeoKoshizuka, SH. KoshizukaIkeda and Y. Oka, "Numerical analysis of boilingfragmentation onmechanisms highin heat-fluxvapor and high subcooling condition using MPS-MAFLexplosions," InternationalNuclear Journal of HeatEngineering and Mass TransferDesign, 45(3)Vol 189, 2633-2642pp.&nbsp;423–433, 20021999.

7)* AY. KhayyerChikazawa, S. Koshizuka, and HY. GotohOka, “Development"A of CMPSparticle method for accurateelastic waterand visco-surfaceplastic trackingstructures inand breakingfluid-structure wavesinteractions,”" CoastComput. EngMech. J., Vol 50, No 227, pp. 179-207&nbsp;97–106, 20082001.

8)* AS. KhayyerKoshizuka, S. and HY. GotohOka, “Modified"Application of Moving Particle Semi-implicit methodsMethod forto theNuclear predictionReactor ofSafety," 2DComput. waveFluid impactDyn. pressureJ.,” CoastalVol Engineering, 56(4)9, pp. 419-440&nbsp;366–375, 20092001.

9)* S. Heo, S. Koshizuka and Y. Oka, “Moving"Numerical particleanalysis semiof boiling on high heat-implicitflux methodand forhigh fragmentationsubcooling ofcondition incompressibleusing fluidMPS-MAFL,”" NuclearInternational ScienceJournal of Heat and EngineeringMass Transfer, Vol 12345, pp. 421-434&nbsp;2633–2642, 19962002.

5)* H. Gotoh, H. Ikari, T. Memita and T. Sakai, “Lagrangian"Lagrangian particle method for simulation of wave overtopping on a vertical seawall,”" Coast. Eng. J., Vol 47, No 2-32–3, pp. 157-181&nbsp;157–181, 2005.

10) S. Koshizuka, S. and Y. Oka, “Application of Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method to Nuclear Reactor Safety,” Comput. Fluid Dyn. J. 9, 366-375, 2001.

11)* SH. KoshizukaXie, AS. NobeKoshizuka and Y. Oka, “Numerical Analysis"Simulation of Breakingdrop Wavesdeposition Usingprocess thein Movingannular Particlemist Semiflow using three-implicitdimensional Methodparticle method,”" Int.Nuclear J.Engineering Numer. Meth.and FluidDesign, Vol 26235, pp 751-769.&nbsp;1687–1697, 19982005.

* S. Zhang, K. Morita, K. Fukuda and N. Shirakawa, "An improved MPS method for numerical simulations of convective heat transfer problems," Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluid, 51, 31–47, 2005.

12) L.B. Lucy, “A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis,” Astron. J., Vol 82, pp. 1013-1024, 1977.

1)* B. Ataie-Ashtiani and L. Farhadi, “A"A stable moving particle semi-implicit method for free surface flows,”" Fluid Dynamics Research 38, 241-256pp.&nbsp;241–256, 2006.

13) Z. Sun, G. Xi and X. Chen, “A numerical study of stir mixing of liquids with particle method,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol 64, pp. 341-350, 2009.

* H. Gotoh and T. Sakai, "Key issues in the particle method for computation of wave breaking," Coastal Engineering, Vol 53, No 2–3, pp.&nbsp;171–179, 2006.

14)* K. Tsubota, S. Wada, H. Kamada, Y. Kitagawa, R. Lima and T. Yamaguchi, “A"A Particle Method for Blood Flow Simulation, -– Application to Flowing Red Blood Cells and Platelets-Platelets–,”" Journal of the Earth Simulator, Vol 5, pp. 2-7&nbsp;2–7, 2006.

* K. Shibata and S. Koshizuka, "Numerical analysis of shipping water impact on a deck using a particle method," Ocean Engineering, Vol 34, pp.&nbsp;585–593, 2007.

* Y. Suzuki, S. Koshizuka, Y. Oka, "Hamiltonian moving-particle semi-implicit (HMPS) method for incompressible fluid flows," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol 196, pp.&nbsp;2876–2894, 2007.

* A. Khayyer and H. Gotoh, "Development of CMPS method for accurate water-surface tracking in breaking waves," Coast. Eng. J., Vol 50, No 2, pp.&nbsp;179–207, 2008.

* M. Sueyoshi, M. Kashiwagi and S. Naito, "Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method," Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol 13, pp.&nbsp;85–94, 2008.

* A. Khayyer and H. Gotoh, "Modified Moving Particle Semi-implicit methods for the prediction of 2D wave impact pressure," Coastal Engineering, Vol 56, pp.&nbsp;419–440, 2009.

* A. Shakibaeinia and Y.C. Jin "A weakly compressible MPS method for simulation open-boundary free-surface flow." Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 63 (10):1208–1232 (Published Online: 7 Aug 2009 {{doi|10.1002/fld.2132}}).

* A. Shakibaeinia and Y.C. Jin "Lagrangian Modeling of flow over spillways using moving particle semi-implicit method." Proc. 33rd IAHR Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 2009, 1809–1816.

13)* Z. Sun, G. Xi and X. Chen, “A"A numerical study of stir mixing of liquids with particle method,”" Chemical Engineering Science, Vol 64, pp. 341-350&nbsp;341–350, 2009.

* Z. Sun, G. Xi and X. Chen, "Mechanism study of deformation and mass transfer for binary droplet collisions with particle method," Phys. Fluids, Vol 21, 032106, 2009.

* A. Khayyer and H. Gotoh, "A higher order Laplacian model for enhancement and stabilization of pressure calculation by the MPS method," Applied Ocean Research, Vol 32, pp.&nbsp;124–131, 2010.

* A. Shakibaeinia and Y.C. Jin "A mesh-free particle model for simulation of mobile-bed dam break." Advances in Water Resources, 34 (6):794–807 {{doi|10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.04.011}}.

* A. Shakibaeinia and Y.C. Jin "A MPS Based Mesh-free Particle Method for Open Channel flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 137(11): 1375–1384. 2011.

* M. Kondo and S. Koshizuka, "Improvement of stability in moving particle semi-implicit method", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluid, Vol. 65, pp.&nbsp;638–654, 2011.

* A. Shakibaeinia and Y.C. Jin "MPS Mesh-Free Particle Method for Multiphase Flows." Computer methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 229–232: 13–26. 2012.

* K.S. Kim, M.H. Kim and J.C. Park, "Development of MPS (Moving Particle Simulation) method for Multi-liquid-layer Sloshing," Journal of Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Vol 2014, {{doi|10.1155/2014/350165|doi-access=free}}

* M.A. Nabian and L. Farhadi, "Multiphase Mesh-Free Particle Method for Simulating Granular Flows and Sediment Transport," Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016.

* T. Xu, Y. C. Jin, Simulation the convective mixing of CO2 in geological formations with a meshless model. Chemical Engineering Science, 192, 187-198, 2018.

* T. Xu, Y. C. Jin, Improvement of a projection-based particle method in free-surface flows by improved Laplacian model and stabilization techniques. Computers & Fluids, 191, 104235, 2019.

* M. Jandaghian and A. Shakibaeinia "An enhanced weakly-compressible MPS method for free-surface flows," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 360, p.&nbsp;112771, 2020/03/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112771.

* L. Y. Cheng, R. A. Amaro Jr., E. H. Favero, "Improving stability of moving particle semi-implicit method by source terms based on time-scale correction of particle-level impulses," Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 131, pp.&nbsp;118–145, 2021.

* T. Xu, Y. C. Jin, Two-dimensional continuum modelling granular column collapse by non-local peridynamics in a mesh-free method with rheology. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 917, A51, 2021.

* T. Xu, S. S. Li, Development of a non-local partial Peridynamic explicit mesh-free incompressible method and its validation for simulating dry dense granular flows. Acta Geotechnica, 1-20, 2022.

* J. Zuo, T. Xu, D. Z. Zhu, H. Gu, Impact pressure of dam-break waves on a vertical wall with various downstream conditions by an explicit mesh-free method. Ocean Engineering, 256, 111569, 2022.

;Specific

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== External links ==

* [http://mps.q.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/main.html Laboratory of Professor Seiichi Koshizuka at the University of Tokyo, Japan]

* [http://particle.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eindex.html Laboratory of Professor Hitoshi Gotoh at Kyoto University, Japan]

* [http://www.ftr.co.jp/n/english/products/products_ryujin_fr.html MPS-RYUJIN by Fuji Technical Research]

[[Category:Fluid dynamics]]

[[Category:Numerical differential equations]]