Plains Apache language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language

| name = Plains Apache

| altname = Kiowa Apache

| states = [[United States]]

| region = [[Caddo County]], [[Oklahoma]]

| ethnicity = [[Plains Apache]]

| extinct = 2008, with the death of Alfred Chalepah Jr.

| familycolor = Dené-Yeniseian

| fam2 = [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]

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}}

The '''Plains Apache''' language wasis a [[Southern Athabaskan languages|Southern Athabaskan language]] formerly spoken by the [[Plains Apache]], organized as the [[Apache Tribe of Oklahoma]], living primarily around [[Anadarko, Oklahoma|Anadarko]] in southwest [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Everett |first1=Dianna |title=Apache Tribe of Oklahoma |url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AP002 |website=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |access-date=20 January 2020}}</ref> The language is [[extinct language|extinct]] as of 2008, when Alfred Chalepah, Jr., the last native speaker, died.<ref>Morgan, J. L. (2012). ''Classificatory Verbs in Plains Apache'' (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma).</ref>

Plains Apache is the most divergent member of the Southern Athabaskan languages, a family which also includes [[Navajo language|Navajo]], [[Chiricahua language|Chiricahua Apache]], [[Mescalero language|Mescalero Apache]], [[Lipan Apache language|Lipan Apache]], [[Western Apache language|Western Apache]], and [[Jicarilla Apache language|Jicarilla Apache]]. As a member of the broader Athabaskan family, it has an extremely complex system of verbal morphology, often enabling entire sentences to be constructed with only a verb.

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The phoneme {{IPA|/ⁿd/}} is only found in prefixes and does not occur before {{IPA|/o/}}. {{IPA|/h/}} is in free variation with {{IPA|/x/}} preceding {{IPA|/a/}} and also does not occur before {{IPA|/o/}}. The fricated alveolar and postalveolar series are tend to be realized as slightly retroflex preceding {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/e/}}, though these variants are in free variation with the unretroflexed realizations. The plain alveolar and velar series are slightly fronted preceding {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/e/}}, and slightly backed and rounded preceding {{IPA|/o/}}.

===Vowels===