SwiftUI: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|SoftwareUser developmentinterface environmentframework}}

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{{Infobox software

| logo = SwiftUI logo.png

| logo size = 85px

| name = SwiftUI

| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]

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| genre = [[Software framework]]

| license = [[proprietary software|Proprietary]]

| website = <!--Nothing; has vanished-->https://developer.apple.com/swiftui/

}}

'''SwiftUI''' is a graphical[[Declarative applicationprogramming|declarative]] framework<ref name="announcement">{{Cite web |last=Mayo |first=Benjamin |date=June 3, 2019 |title=Apple announces SwiftUI, a modern declarative user interface framework for Apple platforms |url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/06/03/apple-announces-swiftui-a-modern-declarative-user-interface-framework-for-apple-platforms/ |access-date=January 22, 2024 |website=9to5mac.com}}</ref> for building [[user interface]]s for [[iOS]], [[iPadOS]], [[watchOS]], [[tvOS]], [[visionOS]] and [[macOS]], developed by [[Apple Inc.]] for the [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]] programming language. It was announced at the company's [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) on June 3, 2019.

== Overview ==

SwiftUI is [[Declarative programming|declarative]], contrasting with the [[Imperative programming|imperative syntax]] used in other Apple development frameworks such as [[UIKit]] and [[AppKit]]. SwiftUI allows for interoperability with other UIKit views, 2D drawing, animations, [[Event (computing)|event handling]], widgets, and [[data binding]]. SwiftUI automatically synchronizes between UI views and data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SwiftUI |url=https://docs.developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref>

SwiftUI integrates with other Apple servicestechnologies, such as [[Xcode]] and [[Swift Playgrounds]] to provide for real-time previews during editing,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Previews in Xcode |url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/previews-in-xcode |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Previews in Xcode – Apple Developer Documentation |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107221047/https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/previews-in-xcode |archive-date=2023-11-07}}</ref>, and support for maps with [[Apple Maps]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MapKitSwift for SwiftUIPlaygrounds |url=https://docs.developer.apple.com/documentation/mapkitswift-playgrounds/mapkit_for_swiftui |access-date=2024-01-1031 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref> alongside support for debugging and other development features.

SwiftUI allows for interoperability with UIKit and AppKit views via the <code>UIViewRepresentable</code> and <code>NSViewRepresentable</code> protocols respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interfacing with UIKit |url=https://docs.developer.apple.com/tutorials/swiftui/interfacing-with-uikit |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AppKit integration |url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/appkit-integration |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==

SwiftUI was announced at the company's [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) on June 3, 2019, and was added in [[iOS 13]] and [[macOS Catalina]].<ref name="announcement"></ref>

During WWDC 2020 and the [[iOS 14]] release cycle, Apple natively added support for maps with the <code>Map</code> view, with an interface based on [[Apple Maps]] via MapKit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MapKit for SwiftUI |url=https://docs.developer.apple.com/documentation/mapkit/mapkit_for_swiftui |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref> MapKit allows for map annotation and satellite imagery.

During WWDC 2021 and the [[iOS 15]] release cycle, Apple added the <code>Canvas</code> element, adding support for [[Immediate mode (computer graphics)|Immediate mode]] drawing and performant 2D drawing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canvas |url=https://docs.developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/canvas |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref>

During WWDC 2022 and the [[iOS 16]] release cycle, Apple released Swift Charts, a framework for making customizable and accessible charts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swift Charts |url=https://docs.developer.apple.com/documentation/charts |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Apple Developer Documentation |language=en-US}}</ref>

During WWDC 2023, Apple announced the [[Apple Vision Pro]], and support for the device was added to SwiftUI, alongside new views for AR content such as <code>RealityView</code> and <code>ImmersiveSpace</code>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet SwiftUI for spatial computing - WWDC23 - Videos |url=https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10109/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Apple Developer |language=en}}</ref>

== Examples ==

The following is an example of a simple [["Hello, World!" program|Hello World]] program. The {{code|@main}} attribute defines the entry point into the app. It is standard practice in SwiftUI to separate the application struct and views into different structs, according to the [[Model–view–viewmodel|Model–View–ViewModel]] (MVVM) architectural pattern.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hudson |first=Paul |title=Swift Design Patterns |publisher=Paul Hudson |year=2018 |language=English}}</ref>{{self-published source inline|date=April 2024}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">

import SwiftUI

@main

struct AnApp: App {

var body: some Scene {

WindowGroup {

ContentView()

}

}

}}

struct ContentView: View {

var body: some View {

Text("Hello, World!")

}

}

</syntaxhighlight>

== References ==

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== External links ==

* [https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/ SwiftUI] at [[Apple Developer]]

* [https://iosexamples.com/ SwiftUI Example]

==Further reading==

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{{iOS}}

[[Category:Gesture recognition]]

[[Category:IOS]]