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Line 1: {{Short description\|NiTRD}} ~~{{newsrelease\|date=March 2012}}~~ {{Infobox government agency \| name = Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program \| type = \| seal = NITRD.gif \| seal_width = 200px \| seal_caption = Logo \| logo = \| formed = '''Established''': {{Start date\|1991\|1\|3}} \| preceding1 = \| dissolved = \| superseding1 = \| jurisdiction = United States \| headquarters = [[Washington, DC]], U.S. \| chief1_name = Kirk Dohne <ref>{{cite web\|title=NCO – Directors: Kirk Dohne\|url=https://www.nitrd.gov/about-nitrd/directors/Kirk-Dohne/\|website=www.nitrd.gov\|accessdate=20 June 2025}}</ref> \| chief1_position = ''Director of the NITRD NCO'' \| website = {{URL\|https://www.nitrd.gov/}} }} The '''Networking and Information Technology Research and Development''' (NITRD) program consists of a group of [[List of United States federal agencies\|U.S. federal agencies]] to research and develop [[information technology]] (IT) capabilities to empower Federal missions; support U.S. science, engineering, and technology leadership; and bolster U.S. economic competitiveness. <ref>"A Strategy for American Innovation: Securing Our Economic Growth and Prosperity," President Barack Obama, February 4, 2011 (https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/InnovationStrategy.pdf)</ref> == Organization == The '''Networking and Information Technology Research and Development''' (NITRD) program consists of a group of [[List of United States federal agencies\|U.S. federal agencies]] to research and develop [[information technology]] (IT) capabilities to empower Federal missions; support U.S. science, engineering, and technology leadership; and bolster U.S. economic competitiveness. The inter-agency program focuses on identifying research that will help the United States to “out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of the world”.<ref>“A Strategy for American Innovation: Securing Our Economic Growth and Prosperity,” President Barack Obama, February 4, 2011 (http://www.whitehouse.gov/innovation/strategy)</ref> The NITRD Program is managed by the NITRD Subcommittee of the [[National Science and Technology Council]]’s (NSTC) Committee on Technology and supported by the NITRD National Coordination Office (NCO). == =Working ~~groups~~ Groups=== NITRD Program’s member agencies coordinate their NITRD research activities and plans by Interagency Working Groups (IWGs). For each IWG, agency representatives meet to exchange information and collaborate on research plans and activities such as testbeds, workshops, and cooperative proposal solicitations. NITRD program activities are organized in to eight program component areas (PCAs), four senior steering groups (SSGs), and a [[community of practice]] (CoP). The NITRD Subcommittee convenes three times a year and the working groups meet approximately monthly. These groups provide input to the NITRD supplement to the president’s budget. ===Program Component Areas=== ~~NITRD working groups are organized in the following program component areas.~~ The annual NITRD Supplement to the President’s Budget is organized by Program Component Areas (PCAs), where the PCAs are major subject areas for federal IT R&D. PCAs are intended to facilitate budgetary comparisons from year to year in each area. The PCA set evolves over time, reflecting changes in IT R&D activities at federal agencies and IT R&D priorities of the Administration.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nitrd.gov/\|title=The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program\|website=The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program}}</ref> In its first annual report to Congress, the Supplement to the President’s Fiscal Year 1992 Budget, HPCC reported a FY 1991 base budget of $489 million, with eight federal agencies participating, and four R&D components. The FY 2024 NITRD Supplement to the President’s Budget reports to Congress an estimated budget of $10.9B billion across 25 Federal agencies and 12 R&D focus areas. === Participating agencies === * '''Cybersecurity and information assurance'''. Priorities are organized into four categories according to the 2011 federal [[cybersecurity]] R&D strategic plan.<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/fed_cybersecurity_rd_strategic_plan_2011.pdf Released December 2011]</ref> One principal objective is achieving greater resiliency to [[cyberspace]] attacks. The following federal agencies report their IT research budgets in the NITRD "crosscut" and provide proportional funding to support NITRD's operations: * '''High-confidence software and systems'''. Priorities include: Developing the science and technology for building cyber-physical systems (CPS); Management of complex and autonomous systems; Development of assurance technology; Improving the quality of high-confidence real-time software and systems:', together with the improving CPS education to develop a new generation of U.S. experts * '''High-end computing infrastructure and applications'''. Further development includes the advancement of high-end computing applications, development of leading-edge cyber infrastructure, providing access to facilities and resources, enhancing infrastructure for computational and data-enabled science, and share best management practices. * '''High-end computing research and development'''. Rapid increase in high-end computing capabilities are expected, which creates challenges for developing applications and system architectures that effectively utilize billion-fold concurrency, reducing the energy per computation by orders of magnitude, achieving system resilience at extreme scales, and enabling future revolutions in simulation and big-data-enabled science and technology. Some 2013 priorities were improving extreme-scale computation devising new directions in HEC hardware, software and system architectures, and developing architectures and prototypes to take computing power and communications “beyond [[Moore’s Law]]” and enhancing productivity of dispersed collaborative teams. * '''Human-computer interaction and information management'''. The US government generates and maintains large digital collections of science and engineering data, historical records, health information, and scientific and other types of archival literature. New research and advances are needed in: Developing information standards improving decision-support systems, information management systems, information infrastructure, preservation and accessibility of electronic records. It also involves the development of active systems including [[cognitive robotics]], and multimodal systems. * '''Large-scale networking'''. This includes the measurement, management, and control of large-scale distributed infrastructures, improving operational capabilities for identity management, [[Internet Protocol version 6]] implementation, [[cloud computing]], and data flows, promoting cooperation among network testbeds including [[Global Environment for Network Innovations]] (GENI), [[Ethernet#Advanced networking\|Advanced Networking]] Initiatives (ANI), Magellan Phase 2, and further development of dynamic optical networking. * '''Social, economic, and workforce implications'''. This working group focuses on the co-evolution of information technology and social, economic, and workforce systems including interactions between people and IT and among people developing and using IT in groups and networks. One key area is the science of collaboration, including IT-enabled innovation ecology, integrated multidisciplinary research, and putting humans in the loop by improving the coupled relationships between people and computing. Another key area is IT and education, including [[Cyber Learning]], increasing computational competencies, and broadening interest and participation in 21st Century IT careers, including information assurance and computer security. * '''Software design and productivity'''. Priorities are defining the core elements for software development to make engineering decisions and modifications transparent and traceable throughout the [[software lifecycle]] (e.g., design, development, evolution, and sustainment). A key goal is to enable software engineers to maintain and evolve complex systems cost-effectively and correctly long after the original developers have departed. One area of research priorities is rethinking software design, including foundational/core research on science and engineering of software, Next-generation software concepts, and capabilities for evolvable, sustainable, long-lived software-intensive systems. Another is the predictable, timely, cost-effective development of software-intensive systems: including software application interoperability, and cost and productivity issues for safety-critical, embedded, and autonomous systems. '''Department of Commerce''' Other '''senior steering groups''' focus on emerging issues and are not required to report budgetary information to the NITRD program. They offer a means of collaboration for individuals with a senior level of authority who do not participate in the program component area working groups. * [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) * '''[[Big data]] research and development''' * [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) * '''Cyber physical systems''' * [[United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office \| The United States Patent and Trademark Office]] (USPTO) * '''Health information technology research and development''' was established in 2010 in response to Section 13202(b) of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) for bringing together health and IT communities. * '''Wireless spectrum research and development''' group was established in 2010 in response to the June 28, 2010 presidential memorandum ''Unleashing the Wireless Broadband Revolution''.<ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidential-memorandum-unleashing-wireless-broadband-revolution, Section 3.</ref> '''Department of Defense''' ~~== Community of practice ==~~ * [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) Faster Administration of Science and Technology Education and Research (FASTER) Community of Practice (CoP) FASTER, supported by the NITRD NCO, communicates with the White House [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) and the Federal Chief Information Officers (CIO) Council concerning IT R&D matters that are of general interest to Federal agencies. FASTER’s goal is to enhance collaboration and accelerate government agency adoption of advanced IT capabilities developed by government-sponsored IT research. The group is focused on the following strategic themes: * [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) * Cloud computing * [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]] (OSD) and Service Research Organizations * [[Semantic web]] and ontology technology * [[Air Force Office of Scientific Research]] (AFOSR) * Open government * [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] (AFRL) * Emerging technologies * [[Army Research Laboratory]] (ARL) * Sharing knowledge, ideas, and best practices * [[Office of Naval Research]] (ONR) '''Department of Energy''' ~~== Participating agencies ==~~ * [[National Nuclear Security Administration]] (DOE/NNSA) ~~The following federal agencies report their IT research budgets in the NITRD "crosscut" and provide proportional funding to support NITRD's operations:~~ * Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (DOE/CESER) * [[Office of Science]] (DOE/SC) '''Department of Health and Human Services''' * [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) in the Department of Commerce * [[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality]] (AHRQ) * [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) in the Department of Commerce * [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) * [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) in the Department of Defense * [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH) * [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) in the Department of Defense * [[Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology]] (ONC) * [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]] (OSD) and Service Research Organizations in the Department of Defense * [[Air Force Office of Scientific Research]] (AFOSR) in the Department of Defense '''Department of Homeland Security''' * [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] (AFRL) in the Department of Defense * [[DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate \| Science and Technology Directorate]] (DHS S&T) * [[Army Research Laboratory]] (ARL) in the Department of Defense * [[Office of Naval Research]] (ONR) in the Department of Defense '''Department of the Interior''' * [[National Nuclear Security Administration]] (DOE/NNSA) in the Department of Energy * [[United_States_Geological_Survey \| U.S. Geological Survey]] * Office of Science (DOE/SC) in the Department of Energy * The [[Department of Homeland Security]] '''Department of Justice''' * [[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality]] (AHRQ) in the Department of Health and Human Services * [[National ~~Institutes~~Institute of ~~Health~~Justice]] (~~NIH~~NIJ) ~~in the Department of Health and Human Services~~ * [[Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology]] (ONC) in the Department of Health and Human Services '''Department of State''' * [[United States Environmental Protection Agency\|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) * [[United_States_Department_of_State \| Department of State]] (DOS) '''Department of Veteran Affairs''' * [[United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs \| National Artificial Intelligence Institute]] (NAII) '''Independent Agencies''' * [[NASA\|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) * [[National ~~Archives~~Reconnaissance ~~and Records Administration~~Office]] (~~NARA~~NRO) * [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) Representatives of other agencies also participate. === Coordination === ~~==Publications==~~ NITRD's National Coordination Office (NCO) supports NITRD's planning, budget, and assessment activities. The NCO also supports the NITRD Subcommittee, which coordinates the NITRD Program, and the organizations that report to the Subcommittee.<ref name="auto"/> The NCO's director is appointed by the Director of the White House [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]]. * The Annual Supplement to the President's Budget, which is required by law, summarizes the program activities.<ref>[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/bluebooks/index.aspx Supplements to the President's Budget] at nitrd.gov</ref> [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/CSIA_IWG_%20Cybersecurity_%20GameChange_RD_%20Recommendations_20100513.pdf CSIA IWG Cybersecurity R&D Recommendations] (May 2010) [http://www.nitrd.gov/About/Harnessing_Power_Web.pdf Harnessing the Power of Digital Data for Science and Society - Report of the Interagency Working Group on Digital Data to the Committee on Science of the National Science and Technology Council] (January 2009) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/ITFAN-FINAL.pdf Federal Plan for Advanced Networking Research and Development] (September 2008 ) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/csia/csia_federal_plan.pdf Federal Plan for Cyber Security and Information Assurance Research and Development] (April 2006) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/2004_hecrtf/20040702_hecrtf.pdf Federal Plan for High-End Computing] (Second Printing - July 2004) The NCO works with the NITRD agencies, IWGs, CGs and the White House [[Office of Management and Budget]] to prepare, publish, and disseminate the Program's annual supplement to the President's Budget, Federal networking and IT R&D plans, and networking and IT research needs reports. ~~===Strategic plans===~~ [http://www.nitrd.gov/SUBCOMMITTEE/csia/Fed_Cybersecurity_RD_Strategic_Plan_2011.pdf Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Program] [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/strategic_plans/2002_2006_NITRD_Strategic_Plan.pdf Five-Year Strategic Plan for FY 2002-FY 2006] The NCO provides technical support for the activities of the Networking and Information Technology Subcommittee of the [[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology]], a panel of experts from industry and academia, in assessing the NITRD Program and preparing associated reports. ~~== History and legal background ==~~ NITRD started in 1991 with the [[High Performance Computing Act of 1991]],<ref>[http://www.nitrd.gov/congressional/laws/102-194.pdf High Performance Computing Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-194)]</ref> and was changed by the Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-305),<ref>[http://www.nitrd.gov/congressional/laws/105-305.pdf Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-305)]</ref> and the [[America COMPETES Act#America COMPETES Act of 2007\|America COMPETES Act of 2007]] (P.L.110-69),<ref>[http://www.nitrd.gov/congressional/laws/110-69.pdf COMPETES Act of 2007 (P.L.110-69)] (standing for Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science</ref> NITRD provides a framework and mechanisms to coordinate among 15 Federal agencies that support advanced IT R&D and report IT research budgets in the "NITRD crosscut." Individuals from other agencies with IT interests also participate informally. The NCO maintains the NITRD Web site – [https://www.nitrd.gov The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program] – which contains information about the Program and electronic versions of NITRD documents The NITRD program had an invitation-only symposium in [[Washington, DC]], in February 2012. Former Vice President [[Al Gore]], who sponsored the High Performance Computing Act of 1991, was promoted as a speaker.<ref>{{Cite web \|title= The Impact of NITRD: Two Decades of Game-Changing Breakthroughs in Network and Information \|url= http://cra.org/ccc/nitrdsymposium_intro.php \|deadurl= yes \|archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20120210125338/http://www.cra.org/ccc/nitrdsymposium_intro.php \|archivedate= February 10, 2012}}</ref> == History and legal background == ~~== Coordination ==~~ The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program (formerly known as High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) Program) was created by the [[High Performance Computing Act of 1991]], (P.L. 102-194)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/272/text\|title=Text – S.272 – 102nd Congress (1991–1992): High-Performance Computing Act of 1991\|first=Albert\|last=Gore\|date=December 9, 1991\|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> and amended by the Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-305),<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/105th-congress/senate-report/173/1\|title=S. Rept. 105–173 – NEXT GENERATION INTERNET RESEARCH ACT OF 1998\|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> and the America COMPETES (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science) Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-69).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/2272\|title=H.R.2272 – 110th Congress (2007–2008): America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act\|first=Bart\|last=Gordon\|date=August 9, 2007\|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> NITRD was reauthorized by Congress in the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of 2017 (P.L. 114-329).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/3084/text\|title=Text – S.3084 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): American Innovation and Competitiveness Act\|first=Cory\|last=Gardner\|date=January 6, 2017\|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> NITRD's National Coordination Office (NCO) supports NITRD's planning, budget, and assessment activities. The NCO also supports the NITRD Subcommittee, which coordinates the NITRD Program, and the organizations that report to the Subcommittee.<ref>http://www.nitrd.gov/About/about_nco.aspx</ref> The NCO's director is appointed by the Director of the White House [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]]. Dr. [[Donald A.B. Lindberg]] was the founding Director of the National Coordination Office (NCO) for NITRD, formerly the NCO for High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC). The High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 called for the coordination of activities in high-performance computing and the establishment of a National Research and Education Network (NREN) across Federal agencies. Dr. Lindberg led this effort from 1992 to 1995 while serving concurrently as the Director of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The NCO works with the NITRD agencies, IWGs, CGs and the White House [[Office of Management and Budget]] to prepare, publish, and disseminate the Program's annual supplement to the President's Budget, Federal networking and IT R&D plans, and networking and IT research needs reports. ==Directors== The NCO provides technical support for the activities of the Networking and Information Technology Subcommittee of the [[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology]], a panel of experts from industry and academia, in assessing the NITRD Program and preparing associated reports. {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|- ! Name !! Dates !! Notes \|- \| [[Donald A.B. Lindberg]] \|\| September 1992 – March 1995 \|\| \|- \| John C. Toole \|\| March 1995 – July 1997 \|\| \|- \| Sally E. Howe \|\| July 1997 – December 1997 \|\| acting director \|- \| Kay Howell \|\| December 1997 – September 2000 \|\| \|- \| Cita M. Furlani \|\| October 2000 – November 2002 \|\| \|- \| David B. Nelson \|\| December 2002 – April 2005 \|\| \|- \| Simon Szykman \|\| May 2005 – January 2007 \|\| \|- \| Charles Romine \|\| January 2007 – October 2007 \|\| acting director \|- \| Christopher L. Greer \|\| October 2007 – September 2009 \|\| \|- \| Ernest L. McDuffie \|\| September 2009 – November 2009 \|\| acting director \|- \| George O. Strawn \|\| November 2009 – June 2015 \|\| \|- \| [[Keith Marzullo]] \|\| June 2015 – July 2016 \|\| \|- \| Bryan Biegel \|\| August 2016 – July 2018 \|\| \|- \| Kamie Roberts \|\| August 2018 – October 2023 \|\| \|- \| Craig Schlenoff \|\| October 2023 – October 2024 \|\| \|- \| A. Kirk Dohne \|\| October 2024 – June 2025 \|\| \|} ==Publications== ~~The NCO maintains the NITRD Web site - http://www.nitrd.gov - which contains information about the Program and electronic versions of NITRD documents~~ The Annual Supplement to the President's Budget, which is required by law, summarizes the program activities.<ref>[https://www.nitrd.gov/publications/ Supplements to the President's Budget] at nitrd.gov</ref> [https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/national_ai_rd_strategic_plan.pdf National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan 2023 Update] (May 2023) [https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/National-Strategy-to-Advance-Privacy-Preserving-Data-Sharing-and-Analytics.pdf National Strategy to Advance Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing and Analytics] (March 2023) [https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/National-Objectives-for-Digital-Assets-Research-and-Development.pdf National Objectives for Digital Assets Research and Development] (March 2023) [https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/Federal-Cybersecurity-RD-Strategic-Plan-2019.pdf Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan (2019)] (December 2019) [https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/bigdatardstrategicplan.pdf The Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan] (May 2016) [http://www.nitrd.gov/SUBCOMMITTEE/csia/Fed_Cybersecurity_RD_Strategic_Plan_2011.pdf Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Program] (December 2011) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/CSIA_IWG_%20Cybersecurity_%20GameChange_RD_%20Recommendations_20100513.pdf CSIA IWG Cybersecurity R&D Recommendations] (May 2010) [http://www.nitrd.gov/About/Harnessing_Power_Web.pdf Harnessing the Power of Digital Data for Science and Society – Report of the Interagency Working Group on Digital Data to the Committee on Science of the National Science and Technology Council] (January 2009) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/ITFAN-FINAL.pdf Federal Plan for Advanced Networking Research and Development] (September 2008 ) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/csia/csia_federal_plan.pdf Federal Plan for Cyber Security and Information Assurance Research and Development] (April 2006) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/2004_hecrtf/20040702_hecrtf.pdf Federal Plan for High-End Computing] (Second Printing – July 2004) [http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/strategic_plans/2002_2006_NITRD_Strategic_Plan.pdf Five-Year Strategic Plan for FY 2002-FY 2006] ==References== Line 87 ⟶ 150: {{Authority control}} [[Category:Information technology research institutes]] [[Category:Government research]]