Networking and Information Technology Research and Development: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|NiTRD}}

{{cleanup-PR|date=March 2012}}

{{Infobox government agency

| name = Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program

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| jurisdiction = United States

| headquarters = [[Washington, DC]], U.S.

| chief1_name = BryanKirk BiegelDohne <ref>{{cite web|title=NCO -– Directors: Kirk Bryan BiegelDohne|url=https://www.nitrd.gov/Aboutabout-nitrd/directors/Kirk-Dohne/Director.aspx|website=www.nitrd.gov|accessdate=420 June 20182025}}</ref>

| chief1_position = ''Director of the NITRD NCO''

| chief2_name = Kamie Roberts <ref>{{cite web|title=NCO - Deputy Director: Kamie Roberts|url=https://www.nitrd.gov/about/DeputyDirector.aspx|website=www.nitrd.gov|accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref>

| chief2_position = ''Deputy Director''

| website = {{URL|https://www.nitrd.gov/}}

}}

The '''Networking and Information Technology Research and Development''' (NITRD) program consists of a group of [[List of United States federal agencies|U.S. federal agencies]] to research and develop [[information technology]] (IT) capabilities to empower Federal missions; support U.S. science, engineering, and technology leadership; and bolster U.S. economic competitiveness. The inter-agency program focuses on identifying research that will help the United States to "out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of the world".<ref>"A Strategy for American Innovation: Securing Our Economic Growth and Prosperity," President Barack Obama, February 4, 2011 (https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/InnovationStrategy.pdf)</ref>

== Working groupsOrganization ==

The NITRD Program is managed by the NITRD Subcommittee of the [[National Science and Technology Council]]’s (NSTC) Committee on Technology and supported by the NITRD National Coordination Office (NCO).

NITRD program activities are organized into ten program component areas (PCAs), fourteen coordination groups (CGs), task force groups, teams, and a [[community of practice]] (CoP). The NITRD Subcommittee convenes three times a year and the working groups meet approximately monthly. These groups provide input to the NITRD supplement to the president's budget.

===Working Groups===

NITRD working groups are organized in the following program component areas for FY 2019:

NITRD Program’s member agencies coordinate their NITRD research activities and plans by Interagency Working Groups (IWGs). For each IWG, agency representatives meet to exchange information and collaborate on research plans and activities such as testbeds, workshops, and cooperative proposal solicitations.

===Program Component Areas===

*''' CHuman - Computing-Enabled Human Interaction, Communication, and Augmentation'''. CHuman involves R&D of information technologies that enhance a person's ability to interact with IT systems, other people, and the physical world, including R&D in social computing, human-human and human-machine interaction and collaboration, rational decision-making, command and control, and human and social impacts of IT.

The annual NITRD Supplement to the President’s Budget is organized by Program Component Areas (PCAs), where the PCAs are major subject areas for federal IT R&D. PCAs are intended to facilitate budgetary comparisons from year to year in each area. The PCA set evolves over time, reflecting changes in IT R&D activities at federal agencies and IT R&D priorities of the Administration.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nitrd.gov/|title=The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program|website=The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program}}</ref> In its first annual report to Congress, the Supplement to the President’s Fiscal Year 1992 Budget, HPCC reported a FY 1991 base budget of $489 million, with eight federal agencies participating, and four R&D components. The FY 2024 NITRD Supplement to the President’s Budget reports to Congress an estimated budget of $10.9B billion across 25 Federal agencies and 12 R&D focus areas.

*''' CNPS - Computing-Enabled Networked Physical Systems'''. CNPS involves R&D for information technology-enabled systems that integrate the cyber/information, physical, and human worlds, including R&D of cyber-physical systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), and related complex, high-reliability, networked, distributed computing systems.

*''' CSP - Cyber Security and Privacy'''. CSP involves R&D to protect information and information systems from cyber threats and to prevent adverse privacy effects arising from information processing, including R&D to deter, detect, prevent, resist, respond to, recover from, and adapt to threats to the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of information and information systems, as well as R&D of privacy-protecting information systems and standards.

*''' EdW - Education and Workforce'''. EdW involves R&D using information technology to improve education and training, including IT to enhance learning, teaching, assessment, and standards, as well as preparation of next-generation cyber-capable citizens and professionals.

*''' EHCS - Enabling-R&D for High-Capability Computing Systems'''. EHCS involves R&D to advance high-capability computing and develop fundamentally new approaches in high-capability computing, including R&D in hardware and hardware subsystems, software, architectures, system performance, computational algorithms, data analytics, development tools, and software methods for extreme data- and compute-intensive workloads.

*''' HCIA - High-Capability Computing Infrastructure and Applications '''. HCIA involves operation and utilization of systems and infrastructure for high-capability computing, including computation- and data-intensive systems and applications, directly associated software, communications, storage, and data management infrastructure, and other resources supporting high-capability computing.

*''' IRAS - Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Systems'''. IRAS involves R&D of intelligent robotic systems, including R&D in robotics hardware and software design and application, machine perception, cognition and adaptation, mobility and manipulation, human-robot interaction, distributed and networked robotics, and increasingly autonomous systems.

*''' LSDMA - Large-Scale Data Management and Analysis'''. LSDMA involves R&D to extract knowledge and insight from data, including R&D in the capture, curation, management, access, analysis, and presentation of large, diverse, often multisource, data.

*''' LSN - Large-Scale Networking'''. LSN involves R&D of networking technologies and services, including R&D in networking architectures, wireless networks, software-defined networks, heterogeneous multimedia networks, testbeds, grid and cloud research and infrastructure, network service and cloud computing middleware, identity management, and end-to-end performance enhancement and performance measurement.

*''' SPSQ - Software Productivity, Sustainability, and Quality'''. SPSQ involves R&D to advance timely and affordable development and sustainment of quality software, including R&D to significantly improve software production processes, productivity, quality, economics, sustainability, measurement, assurance, and adaptability.

=== Participating agencies ===

Other '''coordination groups''' focus on emerging issues and are not required to report budgetary information to the NITRD program. They offer a means of collaboration for individuals with a senior level of authority who do not participate in the program component area working groups.

* '''[[Big data]] research and development'''

* '''Cyber physical systems'''

* '''Health information technology research and development''' was established in 2010 in response to Section 13202(b) of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5) for bringing together health and IT communities.

* '''Wireless spectrum research and development''' group was established in 2010 in response to the June 28, 2010 presidential memorandum ''Unleashing the Wireless Broadband Revolution''.<ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/presidential-memorandum-unleashing-wireless-broadband-revolution, Section 3.</ref>

== Community of practice ==

Faster Administration of Science and Technology Education and Research (FASTER) Community of Practice (CoP) FASTER, supported by the NITRD NCO, communicates with the White House [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) and the Federal Chief Information Officers (CIO) Council concerning IT R&D matters that are of general interest to Federal agencies. FASTER's goal is to enhance collaboration and accelerate government agency adoption of advanced IT capabilities developed by government-sponsored IT research. The group is focused on the following strategic themes:

* Cloud computing

* [[Semantic web]] and ontology technology

* Open government

* Emerging technologies

* Sharing knowledge, ideas, and best practices

== Participating agencies ==

The following federal agencies report their IT research budgets in the NITRD "crosscut" and provide proportional funding to support NITRD's operations:

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* [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST)

* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA)

* [[United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office | The United States Patent and Trademark Office]] (USPTO)

'''Department of Defense'''

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'''Department of Energy'''

* [[National Nuclear Security Administration]] (DOE/NNSA)

* Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (DOE/CESER)

* [[Office of Science]] (DOE/SC)

'''Department of Homeland Security'''

* [[DHS Science and Technology Directorate]] (DHS S&T)

'''Department of Health and Human Services'''

* [[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality]] (AHRQ)

* [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH)

* [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH)

* [[Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology]] (ONC)

'''Department of Homeland Security'''

* [[DHSDHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate | Science and Technology Directorate]] (DHS S&T)

'''Department of the Interior'''

* [[United_States_Geological_Survey | U.S. Geological Survey]]

'''Department of Justice'''

* [[National Institute of Justice]] (NIJ)

'''Department of State'''

* [[United_States_Department_of_State | Department of State]] (DOS)

'''Department of Veteran Affairs'''

* [[United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs | National Artificial Intelligence Institute]] (NAII)

'''Independent Agencies'''

* [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA)

* [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA)

* [[National Archives and Records Administration]] (NARA)

* [[National Reconnaissance Office]] (NRO)

* [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF)

Representatives of other agencies also participate.

=== Coordination ===

NITRD's National Coordination Office (NCO) supports NITRD's planning, budget, and assessment activities. The NCO also supports the NITRD Subcommittee, which coordinates the NITRD Program, and the organizations that report to the Subcommittee.<ref>https: name="auto"//www.nitrd.gov/About/about_nco.aspx</ref> The NCO's director is appointed by the Director of the White House [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]].

The NCO works with the NITRD agencies, IWGs, CGs and the White House [[Office of Management and Budget]] to prepare, publish, and disseminate the Program's annual supplement to the President's Budget, Federal networking and IT R&D plans, and networking and IT research needs reports.

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The NCO provides technical support for the activities of the Networking and Information Technology Subcommittee of the [[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology]], a panel of experts from industry and academia, in assessing the NITRD Program and preparing associated reports.

The NCO maintains the NITRD Web site -– [https://www.nitrd.gov -The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program] – which contains information about the Program and electronic versions of NITRD documents

==Publications==

* The Annual Supplement to the President's Budget, which is required by law, summarizes the program activities.<ref>[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/bluebooks/index.aspx Supplements to the President's Budget] at nitrd.gov</ref>

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/national_ai_rd_strategic_plan.pdf The National Artificial Intelligence Research And Development Strategic Plan] (October 2016)

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/NationalPrivacyResearchStrategy.pdf National Privacy Research Strategy] (July 2016)

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/bigdatardstrategicplan.pdf The Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan] (May 2016)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/SUBCOMMITTEE/csia/Fed_Cybersecurity_RD_Strategic_Plan_2011.pdf Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Program]

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/CSIA_IWG_%20Cybersecurity_%20GameChange_RD_%20Recommendations_20100513.pdf CSIA IWG Cybersecurity R&D Recommendations] (May 2010)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/About/Harnessing_Power_Web.pdf Harnessing the Power of Digital Data for Science and Society - Report of the Interagency Working Group on Digital Data to the Committee on Science of the National Science and Technology Council] (January 2009)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/ITFAN-FINAL.pdf Federal Plan for Advanced Networking Research and Development] (September 2008 )

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/csia/csia_federal_plan.pdf Federal Plan for Cyber Security and Information Assurance Research and Development] (April 2006)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/2004_hecrtf/20040702_hecrtf.pdf Federal Plan for High-End Computing] (Second Printing - July 2004)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/strategic_plans/2002_2006_NITRD_Strategic_Plan.pdf Five-Year Strategic Plan for FY 2002-FY 2006]

== History and legal background ==

The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program (formerly known as High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) Program) was created by the [[High Performance Computing Act of 1991]], (P.L. 102-194)<ref>[{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/272/text|title=Text High– S.272 – 102nd Congress (1991–1992): High-Performance Computing Act of 1991|first=Albert|last=Gore|date=December (P9, 1991|website=www.Lcongress. 102-194)]gov}}</ref> and amended by the Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-305) ,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/105th-congress/senate-report/173/1|title=S. Rept. 105–173 – NEXT GENERATION INTERNET RESEARCH ACT OF 1998|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>, and the America COMPETES (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science) Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-69).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/2272|title=H.R.2272 – 110th Congress (2007–2008): America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act|first=Bart|last=Gordon|date=August 9, 2007|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>. NITRD was reauthorized by Congress in the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of 2017 (P.L. 114-329).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/3084/text|title=Text – S.3084 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): American Innovation and Competitiveness Act|first=Cory|last=Gardner|date=January 6, 2017|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref>.

Dr. [[Donald_A.B._Lindberg | Donald A.B. Lindberg]] was the founding Director of the National Coordination Office (NCO) for NITRD, formerly the NCO for High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC). The High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 called for the coordination of activities in high-performance computing and the establishment of a National Research and Education Network (NREN) across Federal agencies. Dr. Lindberg led this effort from 1992 to 1995 while serving concurrently as the Director of the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

==Directors==

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! Name !! Dates !! Notes

|-

| [[Donald_A.B._Lindberg | Donald A.B. Lindberg]] || September 1992 to– March 1995 ||

|-

| John C. Toole || March 1995 to– July 1997 ||

|-

| Sally E. Howe || July 1997 to– December 1997 || acting director

|-

| Kay Howell || December 1997 to– September 2000 ||

|-

| Cita M. Furlani || October 2000 to– November 2002 ||

|-

| David B. Nelson || December 2002 to– April 2005 ||

|-

| Simon Szykman || May 2005 to– January 2007 ||

|-

| Charles Romine || January 2007 to– October 2007 || acting director

|-

| Christopher L. Greer || October 2007 to– September 2009 ||

|-

| Ernest L. McDuffie || September 2009 to– November 2009 || acting director

|-

| George O. Strawn || November 2009 to– June 2015 ||

|-

| [[Keith Marzullo]] || June 2015 -– JuneJuly 2016 ||

|-

| Bryan Biegel || JuneAugust 2016 -– July 2018 present ||

|-

| Kamie Roberts || August 2018 – October 2023 ||

|-

| Craig Schlenoff || October 2023 – October 2024 ||

|-

| A. Kirk Dohne || October 2024 – June 2025 ||

|}

==Publications==

* The Annual Supplement to the President's Budget, which is required by law, summarizes the program activities.<ref>[httphttps://www.nitrd.gov/pubspublications/bluebooks/index.aspx Supplements to the President's Budget] at nitrd.gov</ref>

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/national_ai_rd_strategic_plan.pdf The National Artificial Intelligence Research Andand Development Strategic Plan 2023 Update] (OctoberMay 20162023)

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/National-Strategy-to-Advance-Privacy-Preserving-Data-Sharing-and-Analytics.pdf National Strategy to Advance Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing and Analytics] (March 2023)

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/National-Objectives-for-Digital-Assets-Research-and-Development.pdf National Objectives for Digital Assets Research and Development] (March 2023)

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/Federal-Cybersecurity-RD-Strategic-Plan-2019.pdf Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan (2019)] (December 2019)

*[https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/bigdatardstrategicplan.pdf The Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan] (May 2016)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/SUBCOMMITTEE/csia/Fed_Cybersecurity_RD_Strategic_Plan_2011.pdf Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Program] (December 2011)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/CSIA_IWG_%20Cybersecurity_%20GameChange_RD_%20Recommendations_20100513.pdf CSIA IWG Cybersecurity R&D Recommendations] (May 2010)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/About/Harnessing_Power_Web.pdf Harnessing the Power of Digital Data for Science and Society -– Report of the Interagency Working Group on Digital Data to the Committee on Science of the National Science and Technology Council] (January 2009)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/ITFAN-FINAL.pdf Federal Plan for Advanced Networking Research and Development] (September 2008 )

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/csia/csia_federal_plan.pdf Federal Plan for Cyber Security and Information Assurance Research and Development] (April 2006)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/2004_hecrtf/20040702_hecrtf.pdf Federal Plan for High-End Computing] (Second Printing -– July 2004)

*[http://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/strategic_plans/2002_2006_NITRD_Strategic_Plan.pdf Five-Year Strategic Plan for FY 2002-FY 2006]

==References==