Comparison of application virtualization software: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:15, 25 July 2018

Revision as of 03:19, 22 June 2025

(21 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{short description|None}}

{{refimprove|date=October 2011}}

{{refimprovemore citations needed|date=October 2011}}

'''Application virtualization software''' refers to both application [[virtual machine]]s and software responsible for implementing them. Application virtual machines are typically used to allow application [[bytecode]] to run portably on many different computer architectures and operating systems. The application is usually run on the computer using an [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreter]] or [[just-in-time compilation]] (JIT). There are often several implementations of a given virtual machine, each covering a different set of functions.

==Comparison of virtual machines==

{{Hatnote|[[JavaScript]] machines not included. See [[List of ECMAScript engines]] to find them.}}

The table here summarizes elements for which the virtual machine designs are intended to be efficient, not the list of abilities present in any implementation.

Line 22 ⟶ 26:

| automatic

| {{yes}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{noyes}}

|-

! [[Common Language Runtime]] (CLR)

Line 48 ⟶ 52:

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{noyes}}

|-

! [[DotGNU]] [[Portable.NET]]

| [[Stack machine|stack]]

| automatic or manual

| {{noyes}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

Line 62 ⟶ 66:

| {{no}}

|-

! [[JavaHotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]] ([[Java virtual machine|JVM)]]

| [[Stack machine|stack]]

| automatic

Line 76 ⟶ 80:

| [[Stack machine|stack]]

| automatic

| {{no}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{noyes}}

| {{noyes}}

|-

! [[LLVM]]

Line 140 ⟶ 144:

|-

! [[BEAM (Erlang virtual machine)|BEAM]] ([[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]])

| [[Register machine|register]]

| automatic

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

|-

! [[MoarVM]]

| [[Register machine|register]]

| automatic

Line 172 ⟶ 187:

|-

! [[Virtual machine]]

! [[Programming language|Languages]] executed

! Comments

! [[Interpreter (computing)|Interpreter]]

Line 178 ⟶ 193:

! Implementation language

! [[Source lines of code|SLoC]]

|-

! [[JavaBEAM (Erlang virtual machine)|JVMBEAM]]

| [[JavaErlang (programming language)|JavaErlang]], [[Kotlin_Elixir (programming_languageprogramming language)|KotlinElixir]], [[Jython]], [[GroovyGleam (programming language)|GroovyGleam]], [[JRuby]], [[CCuneiform (programming language)|CCuneiform]], [[C++]], [[Clojure]], [[ScalaLFE (programming language)|ScalaLFE]], and severalClojerl, othersLuerl

|

| {{yes}}<ref>https://www.erlang.org/blog/a-closer-look-at-the-interpreter/</ref>

| {{yes}}<ref>https://www.erlang.org/blog/a-first-look-at-the-jit/</ref>

|Erlang, C, C++

|1561k including [[Open Telecom Platform|OTP]]

|-

! [[Common Language Runtime]] (CLR)

| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[C++/CLI]], [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]], [[Visual Basic (.NET)|VB.NET]]

| bytecode is [[Common Intermediate Language|CIL]]; [[.NET]] Core Runtime on GitHub

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

Line 187 ⟶ 210:

|

|-

! [[Adobe Flash Player]] (aka [[Tamarin (JavaScript enginesoftware)|Tamarin]])

| [[ActionScript]], [[SWF]] (file format)

| interactive web authoring tool.; bytecode is named "''ActionScript Byte Code (.abc)"''

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

Line 203 ⟶ 226:

| 15k + 2850 per JIT arch + 500 per host OS

|-

! [[DotGNU]]-[[Portable.NET]]

| [[List of CLI languages|CLI languages]] including: [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]

| Common Language Runtime clone

Line 211 ⟶ 234:

|

|-

! [[Forth virtual(programming machinelanguage)|Forth]]

| [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]]

| Features are simplified, usually include assembler, compiler, text-level and binary-level interpreters, sometimes editor, debugger and OS.; Compilingcompile speedsspeed areis >20 SKLOC/S, and behavebehaves much like JIT.

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Line 235 ⟶ 258:

| C++, OCaml

|

|-

! [[HotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]]

| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Jython]], [[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]], [[JRuby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Clojure]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]] and several others

| Reference[[Java virtual machine|JVM]] reference implementation by Sun ; [[OpenJDK]]: code under [[GPL]] ; [[IcedTea]]: code and tools under [[GPL]]

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| [[JDK]], [[OpenJDK]] & [[IcedTea]] with regular JIT : Java, C, C++, ASM ; [[IcedTea]] with the "Zero" JIT : Java, C, C++

| JVMHotSpot is around 6500k lines; [[Technology Compatibility Kit|TCK]] is 80k tests and around 1000k lines

|-

! [[Icon (programming language)|Icon]]

Line 243 ⟶ 274:

|C, RTT (a custom front-end to C, provided with the base source for Icon).

| ~180k total. (source to bytecode: ~11k, bytecode interpreter: ~46k, iconc: ~23k, common/headers: ~13k, rtt: ~15k)

|-

! [[Java virtual machine|JVM]]

| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Kotlin_(programming_language)|Kotlin]], [[Jython]], [[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]], [[JRuby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Clojure]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]] and several others

| Reference implementation by Sun ; [[OpenJDK]]: code under [[GPL]] ; [[IcedTea]]: code and tools under [[GPL]]

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| [[JDK]], [[OpenJDK]] & [[IcedTea]] with regular JIT : Java, C, ASM ; [[IcedTea]] with the "Zero" JIT : Java, C

| JVM is around 6500k lines; [[Technology Compatibility Kit|TCK]] is 80k tests and around 1000k lines

|-

! [[LLVM]]

| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Kotlin_Kotlin (programming_languageprogramming language)|Kotlin]], [[Objective-C]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]], [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[Fortran]], and [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]

| MSIL, C and C++ output are supported. ActionScript Byte Code output is supported by Adobe Alchemy. bytecode is named "LLVM Bytecode (.bc)". assembly is named "LLVM Assembly Language (*.ll)".

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| C++

| 811k <ref name="ohloh-llvm">[http://www.ohloh.net/p/llvm The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731043158/http://www.ohloh.net/p/llvm |date=2012-07-31}}, ohloh.net, 2011 NovNovember 30</ref>

|-

! [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]

Line 277 ⟶ 300:

|-

! [[Mono (software)|Mono]]

| [[List of CLI languages|CLI languages]] including: [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Visual Basic (.NET)|VB.NET]], [[IronPython]], [[IronRuby]], and others

| Common Language Runtime clone

| {{yes}}

Line 283 ⟶ 306:

| C#, C

| 2332k

|-

! [[Oz (programming language)|Oz]]

| Oz, [[Alice (programming language)|Alice]]

|

|

|

|

|

|-

! [[NekoVM]]

Line 299 ⟶ 314:

| C

| 46k

|-

! [[Oz (programming language)|Oz]]

| Oz, [[Alice (programming language)|Alice]]

|

|

|

|

|

|-

! [[O-code machine]]

Line 311 ⟶ 334:

| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]

| UCSD Pascal, widespread in late 70s including Apple II

|{{yes}}

|

| {{no}}

|

|assembly, Pascal

|

|

|-

! [[Parrot virtual machine|Parrot]]

| Perl ([[Perl#2000–present|Perl 6|65]] &, [[Perl#2000–presentRaku (programming language)|5Raku]]), NQP-rx, [[Parrot intermediary language|PIR]], [[Parrot assembly language|PASM]], [[bytecode|PBC]], [[BASIC]], [[bc (programming language)|bc]], [[C99]], [[ECMAScript]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], [[GNU m4|m4]], [[Tcl]], [[WMLScript]], [[Simple API for XML#XML processing with SAX|XML]], and others

|

| {{yes}}

Line 336 ⟶ 359:

|

| {{yes}}

| {{ubl|[[Psyco]]|[[Unladen Swallow]]}}

| C

| 387k&nbsp;C, 368k&nbsp;Python, 10k&nbsp;ASM, 31k&nbsp;Psyco

Line 342 ⟶ 365:

! [[PyPy]]

| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]

| [[Self-hosting (compilers)|Self-hosting]] implementation of Python, next generation of [[Psyco]]

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

Line 357 ⟶ 380:

|-

! [[Silverlight]]

| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Visual Basic (.NET)|VB.NET]]

| A Micro-version of Microsoft [[.NET Framework]] to let applications run sandboxed inside browser

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}

| C++

| 7MB (initiallyfirst releasedrelease)

|-

! [[ScummVM]]

Line 406 ⟶ 429:

! [[Squeak]]

| Squeak [[Smalltalk]]

| [[Self-hosting (compilers)|Self hosting]] implementation of Squeak virtual machine. Rich multi-media support.

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|Cog & Exupery}}

| Smalltalk/Slang

| 110k Smalltalk, ~300K C

|-

![[SWI-Prolog]]

|Prolog: [[SWI-Prolog]], [[YAP (Prolog)|YAP]]

|

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| C, SWI-Prolog

|

|-

! [[TraceMonkey]]

| JavaScript

| Based on [[Tamarin (JavaScript enginesoftware)|Tamarin]]

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

Line 486 ⟶ 517:

==See also==

{{div col}}

* [[Application virtualization]]

* [[Language binding]]

Line 494 ⟶ 526:

* [[Application binary interface]] (ABI)

* [[Comparison of platform virtualization software]]

* [[Comparison of Java virtual machines]]

* [[List of Java virtual machines]]

* [[List of ECMAScript engines]]

* [[List of application servers]]

* [[WebAssembly]]

{{div col end}}

==References==