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{{Short description|Childhood immunization schedule}}
The '''Expanded Program on Immunization''' '''(EPI)''' in the [[Philippines]] began in 1976<ref>{{cite web |title=Expanded Program on Immunization |url=https://doh.gov.ph/uhc/health-programs/expanded-program-on-immunization/#:~:text=The%20Expanded%20Program%20on%20Immunization,%2C%20tetanus%2C%20pertussis%20and%20measles. |website=[[Department of Health (Philippines)|Department of Health]] |access-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221123202/https://doh.gov.ph/uhc/health-programs/expanded-program-on-immunization/ |archive-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> through Presidential Decree No. 996 signed by President [[Ferdinand Marcos]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Decree No. 996, s. 1976 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/09/16/presidential-decree-no-996-s-1976/ |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |access-date=21 February 2024 |date=September 16, 1976}}</ref> And, in 1986, made a response to the Universal Child Immunization goal. The four major strategies include:<ref>{{cite book | title = Public Health Nursing in the Philippines | publisher = National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc | year = 2007 | ___location = Manila, Philippines | page = 141 | isbn = 978-971-91593-2-2}}</ref>
# sustaining high routine Full Immunized Child (FIC) coverage of at least 90% in all provinces and cities;
# sustaining the polio-free country for global certification;
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! Minimum Interval Between Doses
! Route
! Site
! Reason
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| [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]
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| Right deltoid region of the arm
| BCG given at earliest possible age protects the possibility of TB meningitis and other TB infections in which infants are prone<ref name='PMID15628980'>{{cite journal|title=Protective effect of neonatal BCG vaccines against tuberculous meningitis|journal=[[Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences]]|date=February 2004|first1=S.|last1=Puvacic|volume=4|issue=1|pages=46–9|pmid=15628980|last2=Dizdarević|first2=J|last3=Santić|first3=Z|last4=Mulaomerović|first4=M|doi=10.17305/bjbms.2004.3460|pmc=7245520|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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| [[DPT vaccine|Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine]]
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| Upper outer portion of the thigh, Vastus Lateralis (L-R-L)
| An early start with DPT reduces the chance of severe pertussis.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Immunisation | journal=Dialogue on Diarrhoea Online | year=1987 | issue=30 | pages=1–6 |url=http://rehydrate.org/dd/su30.htm | access-date=2007-05-11}}</ref>
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| [[Polio vaccine#Sabin
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| Mouth
| The extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given. <br />Keeps the Philippines polio-free.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Public Health Dispatch: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus --- Philippines, 2001|journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|date=2001-10-12|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |volume=50|issue=40|pages=874–5|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5040a3.htm |pmid=11666115|author1=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |access-date=2013-10-31}}</ref>
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| [[Hepatitis B Vaccination, Infants#Prevention|Hepatitis B Vaccine]]
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| Upper outer portion of the thigh, Vastus Lateralis (R-L-R)
| An early start of Hepatitis B vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Effects of Universal Vaccination for Hepatitis B|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=2001-11-06|first=Y. H.|last=Ni |author2-link=Chang Mei-hwei |author2=M.H. Chang |author3=L.M. Huang |author4=H.L. Chen |author5=H.Y. Hsu |author6=T.Y. Chiu |author7=K.S. Tsai |author8=D.S. Chen|author8-link=Ding-Shinn Chen|volume=135|issue=9|pages=796–800|url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/summary/135/9/796|access-date=2007-05-12|pmid=11694104|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00005|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}}</ref> <br /> Prevents liver cirrhosis and liver cancer which are more likely to develop if infected with Hepatitis B early in life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chop.edu/consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75730 |title=A Look at Each Vaccine: Hepatitis B Vaccine |access-date=2007-05-11 |work=Vaccine Education Center |publisher=The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629183026/http://www.chop.edu/consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75730 |archive-date=2007-06-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name='PMID9197213'>{{cite journal|title=Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=1997-06-26|first=MH|last=Chang |author2=C.J. Chen |author3=M.S. Lai |author4=H.M. Hsu |author5=T.C. Wu |author6=M.S. Kong |author7=D.C. Liang |author8=W.Y. Shau |author9=D.S. Chen|s2cid=35206561|volume=336|issue=26|pages=1855–1859|doi=10.1056/NEJM199706263362602|pmid=9197213|doi-access=free}}</ref> <br />About 9,000 died of complications of Hepatitis B. 10% of Filipinos have Hepatitis B infection<ref>{{cite news|first=Tessa R. |last=Salazar |title=Cancer Preventable Says US Doctor |date=2004-05-24 |url=http://liver.stanford.edu/files/040529manilla_times.pdf |work=The Philippine Daily Inquirer |access-date=2007-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221195427/http://liver.stanford.edu/files/040529manilla_times.pdf |archive-date=2007-02-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| [[Measles Vaccine]] <br />
''(not MMR)''
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| Upper outer portion of the arms, Right deltoid
| At least 85% of measles can be prevented by immunization at this age.<ref name='PMID8034506'>{{cite journal|title=Worldwide measles prevention|journal=Israel Journal of Medical Sciences|date=May 1994|first=WA|last=Orenstein |author2=L.E. Markowitz |author3=W.L. Atkinson |author4=A.R. Hinman|volume=30|issue=5–6|pages=469–81|pmid=8034506}}</ref>
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* There are very few true contraindication and precaution conditions. Only two of these conditions are generally considered to be permanent: severe (anaphylactic) allergic reaction to a vaccine component or following a prior dose of a vaccine, and encephalopathy not due to another identifiable cause occurring within 7 days of pertussis vaccination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/pink/genrec.pdf |title=General Recommendations on Immunizations |access-date=2007-05-12 |date=2007-02-14 |work=Epidemiology & Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases--The Pink Book 10th Edition |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022021647/http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/pink/genrec.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-22 }}</ref>
* Only the diluent supplied by the manufacturer should be used to reconstitute a freeze-dried vaccine. A sterile needle and sterile syringe must be used for each vial for adding the diluent to the powder in a single vial or ampoule of freeze-dried vaccine.<ref>{{cite news|last=Department of Vaccines and Biologicals |title=WHO Recommendations for Diluents |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DoxNews/updates/updat34e.pdf |work=Vaccines and Biologicals Update |pages=3 |access-date=2007-05-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306031320/http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DoxNews/updates/updat34e.pdf |archive-date=2007-03-06 }}</ref>
* The only way to be completely safe from exposure to blood-borne diseases from injections, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is to use one sterile needle, one sterile syringe for each child.<ref>{{cite news | first=Edward | last=Hoekstra | title=Immunization: Injection Safety | publisher=UNICEF | url
==Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Schedule for Women==
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! Duration of Protection
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| At 20th weeks AOG
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* protection for the mother for the first delivery
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| At least 4 weeks later
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* infants born to the mother will be protected from neonatal tetanus
* gives 3 years protection for the mother
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| At least 6 months later
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* infants born to the mother will be protected from neonatal tetanus
* gives 5 years protection for the mother
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| At least 1 year later
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* infants born to the mother will be protected from neonatal tetanus
* gives 10 years protection for the mother
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| At least 1 year later
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* gives lifetime protection for the mother
* all infants born to that mother will be protected
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In June 2000, the 57 countries that have not yet achieved elimination of neonatal tetanus were ranked and the Philippines was listed together with 22 other countries in Class A, a classification for countries close to maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.<ref>{{cite news | title=Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus | date=November 2000 | publisher=UNICEF | url
==Care for the Vaccines==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Expanded Program On Immunization (Philippines)}}
[[Category:Vaccination]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Establishments by Philippine presidential decree]]
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