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{{Short description|Childhood immunization schedule}}
The '''Expanded Program on Immunization''' '''(EPI)''' in the [[Philippines]] began in 1976<ref>{{cite web |title=Expanded Program on Immunization |url=https://doh.gov.ph/uhc/health-programs/expanded-program-on-immunization/#:~:text=The%20Expanded%20Program%20on%20Immunization,%2C%20tetanus%2C%20pertussis%20and%20measles. |website=[[Department of Health (Philippines)|Department of Health]] |access-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221123202/https://doh.gov.ph/uhc/health-programs/expanded-program-on-immunization/ |archive-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> through Presidential Decree No. 996 signed by President [[Ferdinand Marcos]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Decree No. 996, s. 1976 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/09/16/presidential-decree-no-996-s-1976/ |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |access-date=21 February 2024 |date=September 16, 1976}}</ref> And, in 1986, made a response to the Universal Child Immunization goal. The four major strategies include:<ref>{{cite book | title = Public Health Nursing in the Philippines | publisher = National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc | year = 2007 | ___location = Manila, Philippines | page = 141 | isbn = 978-971-91593-2-2}}</ref>
<li>Sustaining the polio-free country for global certification</li> ▼
# sustaining high routine Full Immunized Child (FIC) coverage of at least 90% in all provinces and cities;
<li>Eliminating measles by 2008,</li> ▼
<li>Eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008.</li> </ol>▼
==Routine Schedule of Immunization==
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==Routine Immunization Schedule for Infants==
The standard routine immunization schedule for infants in the Philippines is adopted to provide maximum immunity against the seven vaccine preventable diseases in the country before the child's first birthday. The fully immunized child must have completed BCG 1, DPT 1, DPT 2, DPT 3, OPV 1, OPV 2, OPV 3, HB 1, HB 2, HB 3 and measles vaccines before the child is 12 months of age.<ref>{{cite news
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! Minimum Interval Between Doses
! Route
! Site
! Reason
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| [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]]
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| Right deltoid region of the arm
| BCG given at earliest possible age protects the possibility of TB meningitis and other TB infections in which infants are prone<ref name='
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| [[DPT vaccine|
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| Upper outer portion of the thigh, Vastus Lateralis (L-R-L)
| An early start with DPT reduces the chance of severe pertussis.<ref>
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| [[Polio vaccine#Sabin
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| Mouth
| The extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given. <br />Keeps the Philippines polio-free.<ref>
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| [[Hepatitis B Vaccination, Infants#Prevention|Hepatitis B Vaccine]]
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| Upper outer portion of the thigh, Vastus Lateralis (R-L-R)▼
▲| <center>Intramuscular</center>
| An early start of Hepatitis B vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier.<ref>
▲| Upper outer portion of the thigh
▲| An early start of Hepatitis B vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier<ref> {{cite journal|title=Effects of Universal Vaccination for Hepatitis B|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=2001-11-06|first=Y. H.|last=Ni|coauthors=M.H. Chang, L.M. Huang, H.L. Chen, H.Y. Hsu, T.Y. Chiu, K.S. Tsai, and D.S. Chen|volume=135|issue=9|pages=S53|id= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/summary/135/9/796|format=|accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref>. <br /> Prevents liver cirrhosis and liver cancer which are more likely to develop if infected with Hepatitis B early in life<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.chop.edu/consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75730 |title=A Look at Each Vaccine: Hepatitis B Vaccine |accessdate=2007-05-11 |work=Vaccine Education Center |publisher=The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia }}</ref> <ref name='PMID: 9197213'> {{cite journal|title=Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=1997-06-26|first=MH|last=Chang|coauthors=C.J. Chen, M.S. Lai, H.M. Hsu, T.C. Wu, M.S. Kong, D.C. Liang, W.Y. Shau, D.S. Chen|volume=336|issue=26|pages=1906-7|id= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=9197213&dopt=Abstract|format=|accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref>. <br />About 9,000 die of complications of Hepatits B. 10% of Filipinos have Hepatitis B infection<ref>{{cite news | first=Tessa R. | last=Salazar | coauthors= | title=Cancer Preventable Says US Doctor | date=2004-05-24 | publisher= | url =http://liver.stanford.edu/files/040529manilla_times.pdf | work =The Philippine Daily Inquirer | pages = | accessdate = 2007-05-11 | language = }}</ref>
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| [[Measles Vaccine]] <br />
''(not MMR)''
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| Upper outer portion of the arms, Right deltoid
| At least 85% of measles can be prevented by immunization at this age.<ref name='
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==General Principles in Infants/Children Immunization==
==Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Schedule for Women==
When given to women of childbearing age, vaccines that contain tetanus toxoid (TT or Td) not only protect women against tetanus, but also prevent neonatal tetanus in their newborn infants.<ref>
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! Duration of Protection
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| At 20th weeks AOG
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* protection for the mother for the first delivery
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| At least 4 weeks later
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| At least 6 months later
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| At least 1 year later
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| At least 1 year later
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In June 2000, the 57 countries that have not yet achieved elimination of neonatal tetanus were ranked and the Philippines was listed together with 22 other countries in Class A, a classification for countries close to maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.<ref>{{cite news
==Care for the Vaccines
To ensure the optimal potency of vaccines,a careful attention is needed in handling practices at the country level. These include storage and transport of vaccines from the primary vaccine store down to the end-user at the health facility, and further down at the outreach sites.<ref name='WHO/IVB/06.10'>{{cite news
A "first expiry and first out" (FEFO) vaccine system is practiced to assure that all vaccines are utilized before its expiry date. Proper arrangement of vaccines and/or labeling of expiry dates are done to identify those close to expiring. Vaccine temperature is monitored twice a day (early in the morning and in the afternoon) in all health facilities and plotted to monitor break in the [[cold chain]]. Each level of health facilities has cold chain equipment for use in the storage vaccines which included cold room, freezer, refrigerator, transport box, vaccine carriers, thermometers, cold chain monitors, ice packs, temperature monitoring chart and safety collector boxes
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Expanded Program On Immunization (Philippines)}}
[[Category:Vaccination]]
[[Category:Healthcare in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Establishments by Philippine presidential decree]]
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