Computer Braille Code: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Braille for representation of computer-related materials}}

'''Computer Braille''' is an adaptation of [[braille]] to represent the computer code. Unlike standard 6-dot braille scripts, but like [[Gardner–Salinas braille codes]], this may employ the extended 8-dot braille patterns. The resulting 256 braille characters are assigned to the 256 characters of 8-bit computer encodings.

<div style="font-size:smaller;line-height:normal;margin:1px .5em;float:right;margin-right:0;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F7F8FF;color:#000;padding:5px;width:12em">

{|cellspacing="3" cellpadding="2" style="margin:auto;background:#FFF"

|-

|style="background:#222;color:#FFF;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''1'''

|style="background:#222;color:#FFF;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''4'''

|-

|style="background:#222;color:#FFF;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''2'''

|style="background:#222;color:#FFF;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''5'''

|-

|style="background:#222;color:#FFF;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''3'''

|style="background:#222;color:#FFF;border:1px solid #777;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''6'''

|-

|style="background:#FFF;color:#777;border:1px solid #AAA;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''7'''

|style="background:#FFF;color:#777;border:1px solid #AAA;border-radius:1em;padding:2px .5em"|'''8'''

|}

<div>Standard numbering of dots in 8-dot Braille patterns.</div>

</div>

'''Computer Braille''' is an adaptation of [[braille]] tofor representprecise therepresentation of computer-related materials such as codeprograms, program lines, computer commands, and filenames. Unlike standard 6-dot braille scripts, but like [[Gardner–Salinas braille codes]], this may employ the extended 8-dot braille patterns. The resulting 256 braille characters are assigned to the 256 characters of 8-bit computer encodings.

There are two standards of representation of computer code with braille:

1) The '''Computer Braille Code''' as defined by the [[Braille Authority of North America]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Computer Braille Code: 2000 Revision|date=2000|publisher=Braille Authority of North America|url=http://www.brailleauthority.org/cbc/cbc.html}}</ref> However, since January 2016 it is no longer official in the US and replaced by [[Unified English Braille]] (UEB). It employs only the 6-dot braille patterns to represent all printing code points of [[ASCII]] as well as many technical characters and commands. It is virtually identical to the [[Braille ASCII]], a system of representation of braille with ASCII characters, which goal is mirrored to the Computer Braille Code. To represent ASCII code points 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0x7E as well as capital letters the 4-5-6 ({{braille cell|456}}) character is used as the shift indicator or modificatormodifier. Thus, {{code|`}} (grave accent, 0x60) is represented by {{braille cell|456}}{{braille cell|4}}, where {{braille cell|4}} is assigned to {{code|@}} (at sign, 0x40). In other words, {{braille cell|456}} either adds (for punctuation) or substractssubtracts (for letters) 32 to or from the ASCII value of the following character. Unlike Braille ASCII {{code|_}} (underscore, 0x400x5F) is represented by {{braille cell|456}}{{braille cell|456}}.

{| {{chset-tableformattable-header1|Computer Braille Code}}

{{chset-table-header|Computer Braille Code}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|2_

!{{chset-left|2}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-ctrl3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|0}}|u=[[Space character|SP]]|32}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|2346}}|u=[[!]]|33}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|5}}|u=[["]]|34}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|3456}}|u=[[Number sign|#]]|35}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|1246}}|u=[[$]]|36}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|146}}|u=[[%]]|37}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|12346}}|u=[[&]]|38}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|3}}|u=[[']]|39}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|12356}}|u=[[(]]|40}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|23456}}|u=[[)]]|41}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|16}}|u=[[Asterisk|*]]|42}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|346}}|u=[[+]]|43}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|6}}|u=[[,]]|44}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|36}}|u=[[-]]|45}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|46}}|u=[[Full stop|.]]|46}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|34}}|u=[[Slash (punctuation)|&#47;/]]|47}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|3_

!{{chset-left|3}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|356}}|u=[[0 (number)|0]]|48}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|2}}|u=[[1 (number)|1]]|49}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|23}}|u=[[2 (number)|2]]|50}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|25}}|u=[[3 (number)|3]]|51}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|256}}|u=[[4 (number)|4]]|52}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|26}}|u=[[5 (number)|5]]|53}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|235}}|u=[[6 (number)|6]]|54}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|2356}}|u=[[7 (number)|7]]|55}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|236}}|u=[[8 (number)|8]]|56}}

|{{chset-color-digit}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|35}}|u=[[9 (number)|9]]|57}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|156}}|u=[[colon (punctuation)|:]]|58}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|56}}|u=[[;]]|59}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|126}}|u=[[Less-than sign|<]]|60}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|123456}}|u=[[=]]|61}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|345}}|u=[[Greater-than sign|>]]|62}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|1456}}|u=[[?]]|63}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|4_

!{{chset-left|4}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|4}}|u=[[@]]|64}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|a}}|u=[[A]]|65}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|b}}|u=[[B]]|66}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|c}}|u=[[C]]|67}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|d}}|u=[[D]]|68}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|e}}|u=[[E]]|69}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|f}}|u=[[F]]|70}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|g}}|u=[[G]]|71}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|h}}|u=[[H]]|72}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|i}}|u=[[I]]|73}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|j}}|u=[[J]]|74}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|k}}|u=[[K]]|75}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|l}}|u=[[L]]|76}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|m}}|u=[[M]]|77}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|n}}|u=[[N]]|78}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|o}}|u=[[O]]|79}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|5_

!{{chset-left|5}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|p}}|u=[[P]]|80}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|q}}|u=[[Q]]|81}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|r}}|u=[[R]]|82}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|s}}|u=[[S]]|83}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|t}}|u=[[T]]|84}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|u}}|u=[[U]]|85}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|v}}|u=[[V]]|86}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|w}}|u=[[W]]|87}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|x}}|u=[[X]]|88}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|y}}|u=[[Y]]|89}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|z}}|u=[[Z]]|90}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|246}}|u=[[Square brackets|&#x5B91;]]|91}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|1256}}|u=[[Backslash|&#x5C;\]]|92}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|12456}}|u=[[Square brackets|&#x5D93;]]|93}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|45}}|u=[[^]]|94}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%456|456}}{{braille cell|typeu=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}|[[Underscore|_]]|95}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|6_

!{{chset-left|6}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text456|background=white|size=200%|4564}}{{braille cell|typeu=text|background=white|size=200%|2346}}|[[`]]|96}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|a}}|u=[[a]]|97}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|b}}|u=[[b]]|98}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|c}}|u=[[c]]|99}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|d}}|u=[[d]]|100}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|e}}|u=[[e]]|101}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|f}}|u=[[f]]|102}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|g}}|u=[[g]]|103}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|h}}|u=[[h]]|104}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|i}}|u=[[i]]|105}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|j}}|u=[[j]]|106}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|k}}|u=[[k]]|107}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|l}}|u=[[l]]|108}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|m}}|u=[[m]]|109}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|n}}|u=[[n]]|110}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|o}}|u=[[o]]|111}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|7_

!{{chset-left|7}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|p}}|u=[[p]]|112}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|q}}|u=[[q]]|113}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|r}}|u=[[r]]|114}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|s}}|u=[[s]]|115}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|t}}|u=[[t]]|116}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|u}}|u=[[u]]|117}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|v}}|u=[[v]]|118}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|w}}|u=[[w]]|119}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|x}}|u=[[x]]|120}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|y}}|u=[[y]]|121}}

|{{chset-color-alpha}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|z}}|u=[[z]]|122}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|246}}|u=[[Braces (punctuation)|&#x7b;{]]|123}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|1256}}|u=[[Vertical bar|&#x7C;{{pipe}}]]|124}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|12456}}|u=[[Braces (punctuation)|&#x7d;}]]|125}}

|{{chset-color-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|456}}{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|45}}|u=[[~]]|126}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|}}|u=[[Miscellaneous Technical (Unicode block)|⌂]]|127}}

{{chset-table-footer}}

|}

2) The '''Braille Computer Notation''' as defined by the [[Braille Authority of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Braille Computer Notation|date=2006|publisher=Braille Authority of the United Kingdom (Computer Committee)|url=http://www.ukaaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Braille-Computer-Notation-PDF.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801050601if_/https://www.ukaaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Braille-Computer-Notation-PDF.pdf|archive-date=2020-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> InIt this notation both 6- anduses 8-dot patterns mayto berepresent used.256 Withdifferent thevalues 6-dotso codearbitrary variousbyte combinations of braille charactersdata can representbe manywritten technical,in mathematical and logical symbolsBraille. The {{braille cell|5}} character is used as a universal modificator. The 8-dot code is designed that its 6-dot subset is identical to the 6-dot code. The remainder are assigned by the following rules:

The 8-dot code is designed that its 6-dot subset is identical to the 6-dot code. The remainder are assigned by the following rules:

:* addingthe composition of Braille dot 7, subtracts 32 from the ASCII value (as shown in rows 0 and 1 of the table below);

* the composition of Braille dot 8 adds 128 to the ASCII value (not shown in the table below, it is used for extensions for 8-bit codes of ASCII-based encodings, including single-byte encodings like ISO/IEC 8859 and other legacy Windows and OEM codepages, or multibyte encodings like Unicode UTF-8).

:* adding dot 8 adds 128 to the ASCII value;

:* adding dots 7 and 8 adds 96 to the ASCII value.

The dot-5 ({{braille cell|5}}) character is used as a universal modifier{{clarification needed|date=April 2023}}.

{| {{chset-tableformat}}

{{chset-table-header|Braille Computer Notation}}

The following table assumes the 8-bit data is encoding text in the [[CP437]] character set used on the IBM PC.

{|{{chset-table-headerheader1|Computer Braille CodeComputer Notation}}

|-

|style=background:#F8F8F8;height:22pt;font-size:small|0_

!{{chset-left|0}}

|{{chset-cell1||{{braille cell|7}}|u=[[Null character|NUL]]}}

|{{chset-color-undef}}|

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|34567}}|u=[[☺]]|1}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|47}}|u=[[☻]]|2}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|567}}|u=[[Suit (cards)|♥]]|3}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|4567}}|u=[[Suit (cards)|♦]]|4}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|467}}|u=[[Suit (cards)|♣]]|5}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|123467}}|u=[[Suit (cards)|♠]]|6}}

|{{chset-color-ext-punct}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|37}}|u=[[•]]|7}}

|{{chset-color-graph}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|457}}|u=[[◘]]|8}}

|{{chset-color-graph}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|3457}}|u=[[○]]|9}}

|{{chset-color-graph}}cell1|{{chset-cell3|{{braille cell|type=text|background=white|size=200%|357}}|u=[[◙]]|10}}

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