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{{Short description|Data serialization format}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
'''XML-RPC''' is a [[remote procedure call]] (RPC) [[Communications protocol{{Distinguish|protocol]]text which uses [[XML]] to encode its calls and [[HTTP]] as a transport mechanism.<ref name="book1">Simon St. Laurent, Joe Johnston, Edd Dumbill. (June 2001) ''Programming Web Services with XML-RPC.'' O'Reilly. First Edition.</ref> "XML-RPC" also refers generically to the use of XML for remote procedure callRPC, independently of the specific protocol. This article is about the protocol named "XML-RPC".}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
'''XML-RPC''' is a [[remote procedure call]] (RPC) [[Communications protocol|protocol]] which uses [[XML]] to encode its calls and [[HTTP]] as a transport mechanism.<ref name="book1">Simon St. Laurent, Joe Johnston, Edd Dumbill. (June 2001) ''Programming Web Services with XML-RPC.'' O'Reilly. First Edition.</ref>
 
==History==
The XML-RPC protocol was created in 1998 by [[Dave Winer]] of [[UserLand Software]] and [[Microsoft]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Box|first=Don|title=A Brief History of SOAP
|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media|O'Reilly]]|date=1 April 2001|url=http://www.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2001/04/04/soap.html
|last=Box
|access-date=27 October 2010}}</ref> with Microsoft seeing the protocol as an essential part of scaling up its efforts in business-to-business e-commerce.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rupley |first=Sebastian |title=XML's Next Step |work=PC Magazine |access-date=2015-11-17 |date=1999-06-30 |url=http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/stories/trends/0,7607,2286488,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000304215507/http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/stories/trends/0,7607,2286488,00.html |archive-date=4 March 2000 }}</ref> As new functionality was introduced, the standard evolved into what is now [[SOAP (protocol)|SOAP]].<ref name=spearheads>{{Cite news|last=Walsh |first=Jeff |title=Microsoft spearheads protocol push |work=Infoworld |access-date=2015-11-17 |date=1999-07-10 |url=http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980710.whsoap.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990914001234/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980710.whsoap.htm |archive-date=14 September 1999 }}</ref>
|first=Don
|title=A Brief History of SOAP
|publisher=[[O'Reilly]]
|date=1 April 2001
|url=http://www.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2001/04/04/soap.html
|accessdate=27 October 2010}}</ref> with Microsoft seeing the protocol as an essential part of scaling up its efforts in business-to-business e-commerce.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rupley |first=Sebastian |title=XML's Next Step |work=PC Magazine |accessdate=2015-11-17 |date=1999-06-30 |url=http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/stories/trends/0,7607,2286488,00.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000304215507/http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/stories/trends/0,7607,2286488,00.html |archivedate=4 March 2000 }}</ref> As new functionality was introduced, the standard evolved into what is now [[SOAP (protocol)|SOAP]].<ref name=spearheads>{{Cite news|last=Walsh |first=Jeff |title=Microsoft spearheads protocol push |work=Infoworld |accessdate=2015-11-17 |date=1999-07-10 |url=http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980710.whsoap.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990914001234/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980710.whsoap.htm |archivedate=14 September 1999 }}</ref>
 
UserLand supported XML-RPC from version 5.1 of its Frontier web content management system,<ref name=spearheads /> released in June 1998.<ref>{{cite web| last = Walsh| first = Jeff| title = UserLand releases Frontier 5.1, drops freeware model | work = InfoWorld| accessdateaccess-date =November 17, November 2015| date = June 29, June 1998| url = http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980629.wifrontier.htm |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19990915175718/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980629.wifrontier.htm |archivedate archive-date=15 September 15, 1999 }}</ref>
 
XML-RPC's idea of a human-readable-and-writable, script-parsable standard for HTTP-based requests and responses has also been implemented in competing specifications such as Allaire's [[WDDX|Web Distributed Data Exchange]] (WDDX) and webMethod's [[WIDL (Internet Standard)|Web Interface Definition Language]] (WIDL).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Udell |first=Jon |title=Exploring XML-RPC: DCOM? CORBA? RMI? Why Not Just XML-RPC? |work=Byte |accessdateaccess-date=2015-11-17 |date=1999-06-07 |url=http://www.byte.com/features/1999/06/0607XML_RPC5.html |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000304171225/http://www.byte.com/features/1999/06/0607XML_RPC5.html |archivedatearchive-date=4 March 2000 }}</ref> Prior art wrapping [[Component Object Model|COM]], [[Common Object Request Broker Architecture|CORBA]], and [[Java remote method invocation|Java RMI]] objects in XML syntax and transporting them via HTTP also existed in DataChannel's WebBroker technology.<ref>{{Cite news|volume=20 |issue=21 |last=Walsh |first=Jeff |title=W3C gives a nod to DataChannel's WebBroker |work=Infoworld |accessdateaccess-date=2015-11-17 |date=1998-05-25 |url=http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayArchive.pl?/98/21/i06-21.80.htm |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990910213004/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayArchive.pl?/98/21/i06-21.80.htm |archivedatearchive-date=10 September 1999 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Vizard |first1=Michael |last2=Walsh |first2=Jeff |title=DataChannel's Dave Pool talks about shaping the role of XML to suit different needs |work=Infoworld |accessdateaccess-date=2015-12-08 |date=1998-06-29 |url=http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/interviews/980629pool.htm |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990916093829/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/interviews/980629pool.htm |archivedatearchive-date=16 September 1999 }}</ref>
 
The generic use of XML for [[remote procedure call]] (RPC) was patented by [[Phillip Merrick]], Stewart Allen, and Joseph Lapp in April 2006, claiming benefit to a provisional application filed in March 1998. The patent iswas assigned to [[webMethods]], located in [[Fairfax, VAVirginia]]. The patent expired on March 23, 2019.<ref name= "merrick01">{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/patents?id=WFV4AAAAEBAJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203095836/http://www.google.com/patents?id=WFV4AAAAEBAJ |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2011 |title=US Patent 7,028,312 |accessdateaccess-date=18 September 2008 |author=Merrick|date=11 April 2006|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
==Usage==
In XML-RPC, worksa client performs an RPC by sending an HTTP request to a server implementingthat theimplements protocol.XML-RPC Theand clientreceives inthe thatHTTP caseresponse. is typically software wanting toA call acan singlehave methodmultiple ofparameters aand remoteone systemresult. Multiple inputThe parametersprotocol candefines bea passedfew todata thetypes remotefor method,the oneparameters returnand value is returnedresult. The parameter types allow nestingSome of parametersthese intodata mapstypes andare listscomplex, thusi.e. largernested. structures can be transported.For Thereforeexample, XML-RPCyou can behave useda toparameter transportthat objectsis oran structuresarray bothof asfive input and as output parametersintegers.
 
The parameters/result structure and the set of data types are meant to mirror those used in common programming languages.
''Identification'' of clients for authorization purposes can be achieved using popular HTTP security methods. [[Basic access authentication]] is used for identification, [[HTTPS]] is used when identification (via certificates) and encrypted messages are needed. Both methods can be combined.
 
''Identification'' of clients for authorization purposes can be achieved using popular HTTP security methods. [[Basic access authentication]] can be used for identification and authentication.
In comparison to [[REST]], where ''resource representations'' (documents) are transferred, XML-RPC is designed to ''call methods''.
 
In comparison to RESTful protocols, where ''resource representations'' (documents) are transferred, XML-RPC is designed to ''call methods''. The practical difference is just that XML-RPC is much more structured, which means common library code can be used to implement clients and servers and there is less design and documentation work for a specific application protocol. {{Citation needed|reason=This is a vague opinion that doesn't reflect commonly accepted views, XML-RPC adoption having been declining for its lack of reuse and common structure by major actors since the last 20 years|date=August 2024}} One salient technical difference between typical RESTful protocols and XML-RPC is that many RESTful protocols use the HTTP URI for parameter information, whereas with XML-RPC, the URI just identifies the server.
XML-RPC can be argued as simpler than [[SOAP (protocol)|SOAP]] because it
* allows only one way to serialize methods, whereas SOAP defines multiple different encodings
* has a simpler security model
* does not require (nor support) the creation of [[Web Services Description Language|WSDL]] service descriptions, although [https://web.archive.org/web/20100823030235/http://code.google.com/p/xrdl/ XRDL] provides a simple subset of the functionality provided by WSDL
 
[[JSON-RPC]] is similar to XML-RPC.
Line 41 ⟶ 36:
|array
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<array>
<data>
Line 49 ⟶ 44:
</data>
</array>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|[[Array data structure|Array]] of values, storing no keys
|-
|base64
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<base64>eW91IGNhbid0IHJlYWQgdGhpcyE=</base64>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|[[Base64]]-encoded binary data
|-
|boolean
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<boolean>1</boolean>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|[[Boolean datatypedata type|Boolean]] logical value (0 or 1)
|-
|date/time
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<dateTime.iso8601>19980717T14:08:5555Z</dateTime.iso8601>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|Date and time in [[ISO 8601]] format
|-
|double
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<double>-12.53</double>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|[[Double precision]] floating point number
|-
|integer
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<int>42</int>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
or
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<i4>42</i4>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|Whole number,Signed [[integer]] coded on 4 bytes
|-
|string
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<string>Hello world!</string>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
or
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
Hello world!
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|String of characters. Must follow [[XML#Characters and escaping|XML encoding]].
|-
|struct
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<struct>
<member>
Line 115 ⟶ 110:
</member>
</struct>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|[[Associative array]]
|-
|nil
|
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<nil/>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
|[[nullable type|Discriminated null value]]; an XML-RPC [https://web.archive.org/web/20050911054235/http://ontosys.com/xml-rpc/extensions.php extension]
|
|-
|long
|
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<i8>1312</i8>
</syntaxhighlight>
|Signed integer coded on 8 bytes. This is not part of the specification, but it is supported by several XML-RPC implementations<ref>{{cite web |title=RPC::XML - A set of classes for core data, message and XML handling - metacpan.org |work=MetaCPAN |url=https://metacpan.org/pod/RPC::XML |access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{cite web |title=User manual for XML-RPC For C/C++ |url=https://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.io/doc/libgeneral.html |access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref>
|}
 
==Examples==
An example of a typical XML-RPC request would be:
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<methodCall>
Line 138 ⟶ 141:
</params>
</methodCall>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
 
An example of a typical XML-RPC response would be:
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<methodResponse>
Line 150 ⟶ 153:
</params>
</methodResponse>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
 
A typical XML-RPC fault would be:
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<methodResponse>
Line 171 ⟶ 174:
</fault>
</methodResponse>
</syntaxhighlight>
</source>
 
== Criticism ==
Line 180 ⟶ 183:
| date = 9 September 2009
| publisher = [[Stack Overflow]]
| accessdateaccess-date = 7 April 2011
}}
</ref><ref>
Line 187 ⟶ 190:
| title = An open poll on the merits of XmlRpc versus alternatives
| date = 22 November 2006
| publisher = [http://www.intertwingly.net intertwingly.net]
| accessdateaccess-date = 7 April 2011
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url = http://joncanady.com/blog/2010/01/14/if-you-have-rest-why-xml-rpc/
|title = If you have REST, why XML-RPC?
|author = Jon Canady
|date = 14 January 2010
|publisher =[http://joncanady.com joncanady.com]
|accessdateaccess-date = 7 April 2011
|url-status = dead
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130511053512/http://joncanady.com/blog/2010/01/14/if-you-have-rest-why-xml-rpc/
|archivedatearchive-date = 11 May 2013
}}
</ref>
 
==See Implementations also==
 
* [[Weblogs.com]]
=== Ruby ===
* [[Pingback]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150719223443/http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.2.2/libdoc/xmlrpc/rdoc/XMLRPC/Client.html XML-RPC Client in stdlib]
* [http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.2.2/libdoc/xmlrpc/rdoc/XMLRPC/Server.html XML-RPC Server in stdlib]
 
=== Python ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121028013147/http://docs.python.org/library/xmlrpclib.html xmlrpclib]
** Renamed [https://docs.python.org/3.1/library/xmlrpc.client.html xmlrpc.client] in Python 3.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100829064907/http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/web/howto/xmlrpc.html Creating XML-RPC Servers and Clients with Twisted]
 
=== C++ ===
* [http://libiqxmlrpc.sourceforge.net/ Libiqxmlrpc]
* [http://ulxmlrpcpp.sourceforge.net/ Ultra lightweight XML-RPC library for C++]
* [http://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.net/ XML-RPC for C and C++]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080309101136/http://xmlrpcpp.sourceforge.net/ XmlRpc++]
* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xmlrpcc4win/ XmlRpc C++ client for Windows]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130621044029/http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/soap.html gSOAP toolkit for C and C++ supporting XML-RPC and more]
* [http://wiedi.frubar.net/blog/2008/03/08/libmaia-xml-rpc-with-qt4/ libmaia: XML-RPC for Qt/C++]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426045609/http://xmlrpcclientlib.sourceforge.net/ XML-RPC Client S60: XML-RPC for Symbian/C++]
* [http://tntnet.org/cxxtools.html Cxxtools] XML-RPC C++ Client and Server for POSIX. It's part of [[Tntnet]] project.
* [https://github.com/sgieseking/anyrpc/ AnyRPC]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Supports multiple RPC protocols including XML-RPC
 
=== Objective-C / GNUstep / Cocoa ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080914190507/http://www.mulle-kybernetik.com/software/XMLRPC/ XMLRPC Framework]
 
=== Erlang ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070316122756/http://erlang.stacken.kth.se/contrib/xmlrpc-1.13.tgz XML-RPC for Erlang]: This is an HTTP 1.1 compliant XML-RPC library for Erlang. It is designed to make it easy to write XML-RPC Erlang clients and/or servers. The library is compliant with the XML-RPC specification published by http://web.archive.org/web/20051210031514/http://www.xmlrpc.org:80/
 
=== Groovy ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130303205347/http://groovy.codehaus.org/XMLRPC XML-RPC Module]
 
=== Java ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080112091043/http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/ Apache XML-RPC]: Open source library for Java
* [http://delight.opendfki.de/ XML-RPC Delight]: Convenient serialisation/deserialisation for Apache XML-RPC using Java Annotations and Beans
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051116090755/http://members.fortunecity.com/neptune42/xmlrpc/index.htm]: Secure Apache XML-RPC
* [http://xmlrpc.sourceforge.net/ Redstone XML-RPC Library]: Redstone's Open Source Library – XML-RPC implementation in Java
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513124500/http://kxmlrpc.sourceforge.net/ XML-RPC Library for Java ME]: Open source client-side library for Java ME
* [https://github.com/gturri/aXMLRPC aXMLRPC]: Open source XML-RPC client library for Java and Android
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160617025542/https://github.com/vnesek/nmote-xr Nmote-xr]: Open source BSD style client/server library with minimal dependencies
 
=== JavaScript ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140802144850/https://github.com/baalexander/node-xmlrpc XML-RPC for Node.js]: Open source JavaScript XML-RPC client and server for node.js
* [http://mimic-xmlrpc.sourceforge.net/ Mimic XML-RPC]: Open source JavaScript XML-RPC client cross-browser.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140315040007/http://gggeek.github.io/jsxmlrpc/ XML-RPC for Javascript]: Open source library implementing the XML-RPC and JSON-RPC protocols, written in Javascript.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160617175743/https://github.com/tghosgor/polymer-xmlrpc/ XML-RPC for Google Polymer]: A Google polymer component that deals with XML-RPC resources.
 
=== XMPP ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103160925/http://gdr.geekhood.net/gdrwpl/jxmlrpc.php pyJabberXMLRPC]: Python classes for XMPP
* [http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0009.html Jabber-RPC]: Over the [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol]] protocol
 
=== PHP ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130523181005/http://framework.zend.com/manual/1.12/en/zend.xmlrpc.html XML-RPC in Zend_Framework 1.12]: XML-RPC Server and Client in Zend_Framework 1.12
* [http://framework.zend.com/manual/2.2/en/modules/zend.xmlrpc.intro.html XML-RPC in Zend_Framework 2.2]: XML-RPC Server and Client in Zend_Framework 2
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140223225819/http://gggeek.github.io/phpxmlrpc/ XML-RPC for PHP]: a library implementing the XML-RPC protocol, written in PHP
 
=== Perl ===
* [https://metacpan.org/module/RPC::XML RPC::XML]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: A set of Perl classes for core data, message and XML handling
* [https://metacpan.org/module/Frontier::RPC2 Frontier::RPC]: Another set of Perl modules for XML-RPC client/server implementation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119200050/https://metacpan.org/module/XML::Compile::RPC XML::Compile::RPC]: RPC extension to [https://metacpan.org/module/XML::Compile XML::Compile]
 
=== Julia ===
* [https://github.com/sjkelly/XMLRPC.jl XMLRPC.jl]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: An XML-RPC client written in Julia
 
=== Other ===
* [https://code.google.com/p/json-xml-rpc/ JSON/XML-RPC Client and Server]: Abstract away the differences between JSON-RPC and XML-RPC
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080820204417/http://www.remobjects.com/ro RemObjects SDK] Delphi and .NET package for XML-RPC, in addition to [[SOAP (protocol)|SOAP]] and others
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051016003305/http://www.realthinclient.com RealThinClient SDK]: For Delphi/C++
* [http://xmlrpcflash.mattism.com XML-RPC for ActionScript]: For Flash ActionScript 2.0
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150307061456/https://github.com/Webysther/as3rpclib as3-rpclib]: For Flex/Actionscript 3
* [http://xml-rpc.net XML-RPC.NET]: Open source library for .NET clients and servers
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080211023357/http://code.google.com/p/xmlrpc-light/ XmlRpc-Light]: Client and server library for OCaml
* [http://common-lisp.net/project/s-xml-rpc/ S-XML-RPC]: Client and server library for Common Lisp
* [https://github.com/Raynes/clj-xmlrpc/ clj-xmlrpc]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: XML-RPC client for Clojure
* [https://github.com/brehaut/necessary-evil/ necessary-evil]: XML-RPC Client and Ring-based Server for Clojure
* [http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/HaXR HaXR]: Client and server library for Haskell
* [http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/xmlrpc/rdoc/index.html Ruby XML-RPC library]: For Ruby
* [http://www.keplerproject.org/luaxmlrpc/ XML-RPC interface to Lua]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: For [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]
* [https://code.google.com/p/android-xmlrpc/ android-xmlrpc]: A light XML-RPC client for Google Android
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/xmlrpctcl/ XML-RPC for Tcl]: A Tcl implementation of XML-RPC providing client and server support
* [http://earl.strain.at/space/rebXR+Users+Guide RebXR]: a full client/server XML-RPC implementation for REBOL
 
==See also==
*[[Ajax (programming)]]
*[[Software componentry#Technologies for Software Components|Component technologies]]
*[[Comparison of data serialization formats]]
*[[OPML]]
*[[JSON-RPC]]
*[[Web service]]
*[[gRPC]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
==External links==
* {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113041824/http://xmlrpc.scripting.com/default.html|title=Official website}}
* [http://www.xmlrpc.com/ XML-RPC Homepage]
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/xml-rpc/ Forum]
* [http://www.xml.com/pub/rg/XML_RPC_Tutorials Tutorials]
* [http://xml.coverpages.org/xml-rpc.html Technology Reports]
* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/cis?q=XML+RPC&cs=1 Citations from CiteSeer]
* [http://phpxmlrpc.sourceforge.net/wsdl/schema.rnc Relax-NG schema for XML-RPC]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xml-Rpc}}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-RPC"