Development of tidal stream generators: Difference between revisions

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'''Hammerfest Strøm AS''' was a Norwegian developer of tidal stream turbines, based in [[Hammerfest (town)|Hammerfest]]. In 2010, Austrian hydropower company [[Andritz AG]] bought one third of the shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-08-12 |title=Andritz acquires stake in tidal hydro firm Hammerfest Strom |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/europe/andritz-acquires-stake/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Hydro Review |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2012, Andritz became the majority stakeholder and rebranded the company '''Andritz Hydro Hammerfest'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Visser |first=Anne |date=2012-04-23 |title=Norway: Hammerfest Strøm Changes Its Name to ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest |url=https://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/04/23/norway-hammerfest-strom-changes-its-name-to-andritz-hydro-hammerfest/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Offshore Wind |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2003, Hammerfest Strøm installed their '''HS300''' turbine in [[Kvalsundet]], Norway.<ref name=":1">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kvalsundet tidevannskraftverk |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |___location=Oslo |url=http://snl.no/Kvalsundet_tidevannskraftverk |last=Askheim |first=Svein |editor-last=Godal |editor-first=Anne Marit |editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |language=Norwegian |access-date=2023-12-20}}</ref> This 300&nbsp;kW prototype was a 20&nbsp;m diameter three-bladed horizontal-axis turbine. It sat on a monopile foundation in 50&nbsp;m deep water. In 2003, the project was reported to have cost US$11m.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-09-22 |title=Norway tries underwater 'windmills' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3087374 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> The HS300 turbine was connected to the grid in 20142004, and operated for over 16,000 hours before it was decommissioned in 2011 and removed in 2012.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kvalsund Tidal Turbine Prototype {{!}} Tethys |url=https://tethys.pnnl.gov/project-sites/kvalsund-tidal-turbine-prototype |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=tethys.pnnl.gov}}</ref>

A more powerful 1MW device was then tested at EMEC from 2012. The '''HS1000''' was also a 20&nbsp;m diameter three-bladed horizontal-axis turbine, installed at the Fall of Warness test site in December 2011.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2011-12-26 |title=Giant tidal device set for tests off Orkney |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-16327617 |access-date=2023-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR2012_low%20res_FINAL.pdf |title=Renewables 2012 Global Status Report |last=((REN21)) |date=June 2012 |page=46 |access-date=2023-12-20}}</ref>

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|Operational

{{NoteTag|Off-site from 2020 to 2001 to 2021–04|name=MagallanesOffsite}}

|<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Díaz-Dorado |first1=Eloy |last2=Carrillo |first2=Camilo |last3=Cidras |first3=Jose |last4=Román |first4=David |last5=Grande |first5=Javier |date=2021-01-21 |title=Performance evaluation and modelling of the Atir marine current turbine |journal=IET Renewable Power Generation |language=en |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=821–838 |doi=10.1049/rpg2.12071 |issn=1752-1416 |doi-access=free|hdl=11093/3139 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=23 April 2021 |title=Magallanes tidal unit reinstalled at EMEC |url=https://renews.biz/68108/magallanes-tidal-unit-reinstalled-at-emec/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=ReNEWS.biz}}</ref>

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