Content deleted Content added
Colonelinfo (talk | contribs) Tag: Reverted |
GreenC bot (talk | contribs) Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#hhs.gov |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{update|date=May 2018}}
{{short description|Home visiting services for young children in the United States}}
[[Home care|Home visiting]] programs for families with [[Early childhood|young children]] have received [[Federal government of the United States|Federal government]] support in the United States. A range of programs have been implemented, with evaluation of their effectiveness in terms of health, social and educational outcomes.
==History==
In 2010, the federal [[Affordable Care Act]] initiated the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program
==Purpose of enactment==
The purpose of federal funding is to identify the most effective early childhood home visiting programs and strengthen them with standards that will produce measurable and efficient outcomes.
5. School readiness in child abuse, neglect and injuries.
==Programs==
Line 23 ⟶ 21:
The seven federally approved home visiting models are:
# Early Head Start – Home Based Option<ref>[http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/ehsnrc/Early%20Head%20Start/home-based-model Head Start] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102163746/http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/ehsnrc/Early%20Head%20Start/home-based-model |date=2013-11-02 }}, Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center, HHS.</ref>
# Family Check Up<ref>{{cite web|url=http://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/document.aspx?rid=1&sid=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015001943/http://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/document.aspx?rid=1&sid=9|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 15, 2011|title=HomVEE - Family Check-Up® For Children - In Brief|website=homvee.acf.hhs.gov}}</ref>
# Healthy Families America (HFA)<ref>
# Healthy Steps<ref>[http://healthysteps.org HealthySteps]</ref>
# Home Instruction
# Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org|title=Nurse-Family Partnership – Helping First-Time Parents Succeed|website=Nurse-Family Partnership}}</ref>
# Parents as Teachers (PAT)<ref>
There are other programs also in review for federal approval. When states apply and are granted of the federal funds, federal legislation provides guidelines on how to specifically distribute the money. For example, at least 75% of the funds must be apportioned on programs that follow one of the approved home visiting models. The rest of the money may be allocated for “promising approaches”, where they have shown some evidence of effectiveness, but yet to have strong assessment of evidence. Local programs may apply for funding in this classification.<ref name="ncsl">National Conference of State Legislatures. [http://www.ncsl.org/portals/1/documents/health/FedHVAlert.pdf "Alert : Federal Home Visiting Initiative Deadline Approaching"]. Retrieved Oct 20, 2013.</ref>
Line 40 ⟶ 38:
Home visiting services aim to support families who are most disadvantaged, or at risk. This population includes first time parents, low-income parents, single or teen parents, as well as parents with substance abuse or addictions, or mental health issues such as maternal depression.
==Benefit==
===Evidence-Based Practices===▼
[[Evidence-based practice]] means that there has been a set of standards of practices established from clinically proved trials and researches that produced consistently improved outcomes. Individual clinician's training and organizational and systems changes could influence the implementation of clinical guidelines.<ref>Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Viswanath, K. (Eds.) (2008). Health Behavior and Health Education (4th edition). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Chapter 14, Diffusion of Innovations (pp 313–334).</ref> The review of home visiting programs reports that intensive and frequent visits from trained professionals to families from the prenatal stage up to the second or third years of the child's life produces a positive and improved outcome in maternal and child's health. ▼
===
▲[[Evidence-based practice]] means that there has been a set of standards of practices established from clinically proved trials and researches that produced consistently improved outcomes. Individual clinician's training and organizational and systems changes could influence the implementation of clinical guidelines.<ref>Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Viswanath, K. (Eds.) (2008). Health Behavior and Health Education (4th edition). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Chapter 14, Diffusion of Innovations (pp 313–334).</ref> The review of home visiting programs reports that intensive and frequent visits from trained professionals to families from the prenatal stage up to the second or third years of the child's life produces a positive and improved outcome in maternal and child's health. The frequency could be as often once a week to at least once or twice every month in the beginning stage of home visits.<ref name="ncsl" />
Quality practices offered by well-trained home visitors in Home Visiting Programs have been shown to be effective in these areas: lower number of low [[birth weight]] babies, 50% decrease in child abuse or neglect, 25% increase in reading and math test grades in 1-3 grades, 60% increase in high school graduation rate. If trained visitors diligently follow the standards, the cost-benefit studies have demonstrated returns of investment from $1.75 to $5.70 on every dollar spent.<ref name="ncsl_a" />{{unreliable source?|date=May 2014}}
== Cost==
===Federal funding===
Social Security Act, Title V, Section 511 (42 USC 711)<ref>{{cite web|title=Home Visiting|url=https://mchb.hrsa.gov/maternal-child-health-initiatives/home-visiting-overview|publisher=Maternal and Child Health Bureau}}</ref> states to conduct a statewide assessment on needs of the at-risk population to be eligible for the grant award. It also requires states to achieve “quantifiable, measurable improvements” on the five areas of family life, listed above. HHS appropriates $100 million for fiscal year 2010, $250 million for FY 2011, $350 million for FY 2012, $400 million for FY 2014. 3% of available funding is reserved to fund Indian Tribes.<ref name="ncsl_b" />
===Responsibility of States===
States also must file a report to the Secretary of HHS on the progress of the program, which must show improvements on at least four areas at the end of the first three-year period. HHS holds authority to terminate the grant to any states that fail to comply or demonstrate improvements. A final report must be submitted to HHS, no later than December 31, 2015.<ref name="ncsl_b" />
==Bibliography==
| |||