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In [[physics]], two experimental techniques are often called '''complementary''' if they investigate the same subject in two different ways such that two different (ideally non-overlapping) properties or aspects can be investigated.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Led |firstfirst1=Jens J |last2=Gesmar |first2=Henrik |date=1982-10-01 |title=The applicability of the magnetization-transfer NMR technique to determine chemical exchange rates in extreme cases. The importance of complementary experiments |url=https://wwwdx.sciencedirectdoi.comorg/science10.1016/article/pii/00222364829025780022-2364%2882%2990257-8 |journal=Journal of Magnetic Resonance |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=444–463 |doi=10.1016/0022-2364(82)90257-8 |bibcode=1982JMagR..49..444L |issn=0022-2364|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Fischer |firstfirst1=R. |last2=Dinklage |first2=A. |last3=Knuth |first3=Kevin H. |last4=Caticha |first4=Ariel |last5=Center |first5=Julian L. |last6=Giffin |first6=Adom |last7=Rodríguez |first7=Carlos C. |date=2007 |title=The concept of Integrated Data Analysis of complementary experiments |url=http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.2821262 |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |language=en |publisher=AIP |volume=954 |pages=195–202 |doi=10.1063/1.2821262|bibcode=2007AIPC..954..195F |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0027-09CA-5 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> For example, [[X-ray scattering]] and [[neutron scattering]] experiments are often said to be complementary because the former reveals information about the [[electron]] density of the [[atoms]] in the target but gives no information about the [[atomic nucleus|nuclei]] (because they are too small to affect the X-rays significantly), while the latter allows one to investigate the nuclei of the atoms but cannot tell one anything about their electron hulls (because the [[neutron]]s, being neutral, do not interact with the [[electric charge|charged]] electrons).
[[Scattering]] experiments are sometimes also called '''complementary''' when they investigate the same physical property of a system from two [[complementarity (physics)|complementary]] view points in the sense of [[Niels Bohr|Bohr]]. For example, time-resolved and energy-resolved experiments are said to be complementary.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Mehta |firstfirst1=Halak N. |last2=Benyathiar |first2=Patnarin |last3=Mishra |first3=Dharmendra K. |last4=Varney |first4=Michael |date=2021-07-01 |title=Complementary experiments for parameter estimation in heat transfer model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308521001000 |journal=Food and Bioproducts Processing |language=en |volume=128 |pages=240–246 |doi=10.1016/j.fbp.2021.06.004 |s2cid=237761703 |issn=0960-3085|doi-access=free }}</ref> The former uses a pulse which is well-defined in time. The latter uses a [[monochromatic]] pulse well defined in energy (its frequency is well known).
