Atziluth: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 21:51, 13 feb 2013

Versione attuale delle 20:34, 9 ott 2022

(12 versioni intermedie di 11 utenti non mostrate)

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{{T|inglese|ebraismo|maggio 2012}}<br />

{{Cinque Mondi}}

'''Atziluth''', o Atzilut (anche ''Olam Atzilut'', [[ebraico]]: '''עולם אצילות''', letteralmente Mondo dell'Emanazione), è il più alto dei [[Quattro Mondi]], nel quale esiste l'[[Albero della vita (Cabala)|Albero della Vita]] [[Cabala ebraica|cabalistico]]. È seguito da [[Beri'ah]]. È noto come Mondo delle Emanazioni, o Mondo delle Cause.

== Esegesi ebraica ==

In Atzilut sorgono gli ''Iqarim'' ('''עיקרים'''), princìpi, per essere espressi nella rivelazione e nell'attuazione nei tre Mondi successivi infatti Atzilut mostra un legame necessario con essi.

[[Chaim Luzzatto]] afferma che ''la funzione di Atzilut è la preparazione iniziale di tutto ciò che deve esistere, con tutti i suoi livelli e con tutte le sue varie istituzioni e riparazioni''. Nel contesto della concezione, anche della [[provvidenza]] oltre all'atto creativo, dell'essenza e di quanto secondario, Atzilut rappresenta la radice prima per cui le funzioni dei mondi successivi, sue vesti, ne costituiscono rami e condizione dei "germogli".

Nella [[Cabala ebraica|Cabala]], ciascuna delle [[Sephiroth]] in questo mondo è associata ad un [[Nomi di Dio nella Bibbia|nome di Dio]].

In Atzilut non è presente il male, questo Mondo riguarda infatti solo il divino e l' "''essenza divina''."

Soprattutto nell'[[era messianica]], con la condizione di perfezionamento e quindi la manifestazione esaudita della [[luce celeste]], AtzIlutAtzilut ha un completamento maggiore nella relazione con gli altri Mondi.

==Associazioni non canoniche ebraiche==

[[File:FanteVisconti-Sforza, diThe bastoniFool.jpg|thumb|right|150pxupright=0.7|''Fante di Bastoni'' - i semi di bastoni sono associati ad Atziluth nell'[[esoterismo]] occidentale<br />Collezione dei Tarocchi Pierpont-Morgan]]

Collegata alle figure dei [[Carte da gioco|Semi di Bastoni]] nei [[Tarocchi]].

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==Significato==

Atziluth is the realm of pure [[divinity]]. The four worlds of Kabbalah relate to the [[Tree of Life (Kabbalah)|Tree of Life]] in two primary ways:

* Firstly, it is taught that the whole tree is contained in each of the four worlds, and in this manner they are described one on top of another, and in symbolic form, by a diagram called [[Jacob's Ladder]].

* Secondly, is taught that the Tree of Life can be subdivided into four horizontal sections, each representing one of the four worlds.

It should be remembered that in Kabbalah each of the ten [[Sephirot (Kabbalah)|Sephirot]] of the Tree of Life also contains a whole tree inside itself. In this philosophy of the "whole in the part," Kabbalastic theories are in harmony with [[David Bohm]]'s model of [[implicate order]]. The realm of Atziluth is thus related to the top three Sephirot of the Tree of Life; these three spheres of [[Kether]], [[Chokmah]] and [[Binah (Kabbalah)|Binah]] are considered to be wholly spiritual in nature and are separated from the rest of the tree by a region of reality called the Abyss.

==Origini==

The word is derived from "atzal" in reference to {{bibleverse|Numbers||11:17}}; and in this sense it was taken over into the Kabbalah from [[Solomon ibn Gabirol]]'s ''Meḳor Ḥayyim'' (The Fountain of Life), which was much used by Kabbalists. The theory of emanation, which is conceived as a free act of the will of God, endeavors to surmount the difficulties that attach to the idea of creation in its relation to God. These difficulties are threefold:

# the act of creation involves a change in the unchangeable being of God;

# it is incomprehensible how the absolutely infinite and perfect being could have produced such imperfect and finite beings;

# a ''creatio [[ex nihilo]]'' is difficult to imagine.

The simile used for the emanation is either the soaked sponge that emits spontaneously the water it has absorbed, or the gushing spring that overflows, or the sunlight that sends forth its rays—parts of its own essence—everywhere, without losing any portion, however infinitesimal, of its being. Since it was the last-named simile that chiefly occupied and influenced the Kabbalistic writers, Atziluth must properly be taken to mean "eradiation" (compare ''Zohar'', Exodus Yitro, 86''b'').

Later on the expression "Atziluth" assumed a more specific meaning, influenced no doubt by the little work, ''Maseket Atzilut.'' Herein for the first time (following {{bibleverse|Isaiah||43:7}}: "I have created"; "I have formed"; "I have made"), the four worlds are distinguished: Atziluth, Beri'ah, Yetzirah, and Assiah. But here too they are transferred to the region of spirits and angels:

* In the '''Atzilah-world''' the [[Shekinah]] alone rules;

* in the '''Beri'ah-world''' are the throne of God and the souls of the just under the dominion of [[Akatriel]] ("Crown of God");

* in the '''Yetzirah-world''' are the "holy creatures" (ḥayyot) of [[Ezekiel]]'s vision, and the ten classes of angels ruled over by [[Metatron]];

* and in the '''Assiah-world''' are the [[Ofanim]], and the angels that combat evil, governed by [[Sandalphon]].

In the ''[[Zohar]]'', Atziluth is taken to be simply the direct emanation of God, in contradistinction to the other emanations derived from the [[Sephirot]]. No fourfold world is mentioned.

[[Moses Cordovero]] and [[Isaac Luria]] (sixteenth century) were the first to introduce the fourfold world as an essential principle into Kabbalistic speculation. According to this doctrine,

* the '''Atzilah-world''' represents the ten Sephirot;

* the '''Beriah-world''' (world of creation) the throne of God, emanating from the light of the Sephirot;

* the '''Yezirah-world''' (world of becoming) the ten classes of angels, forming the halls for the Sephirot;

* and the '''Assiah-world''' (world of making, that is, of form) the different heavens and the material world.

In contradistinction to the Atzilah-world, which constitutes the ___domain of the Sephirot, the three other worlds are called by the general name "Pirud". Later Kabbalists explain "Atziluth" (according to {{bibleverse|Exodus||24:11}}, and {{bibleverse|Isaiah||41:9}}) as meaning "excellence," so that according to them the Atzilah-world would mean the most excellent or highest world.

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==Note==

<references />

== Bibliografia ==

* {{JewishEncyclopedia|2217-azilut|autore=[[Kaufmann Kohler]]}}

*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=2217&letter=A Articolo su "Aziluth"] di [[Kaufmann Kohler]] {{en}}

== Voci correlate ==

Riga 62 ⟶ 29:

* [[Chassidismo]]

* [[Cinque Mondi]]

* [[Creazione (teologia)#QabbalahCabala ebraica]]

* [[Era messianica]]

* [[Filosofia chassidica]]

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