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{{Short description|1872–1879 ___domain of the Japanese Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
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| native_name = 琉球藩
| conventional_long_name = Ryūkyū Domain
| common_name = Ryūkyū Domain
| subdivision = [[Han system|Han]]
| nation =
| status_text = [[Han system|Domain]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]<br>[[Tributary system of China|Tributary state]] of [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]] {{nobold|(until 1875)}}
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
<!-- General information -->| capital = [[Shuri Castle]]
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| today = [[Okinawa Prefecture]]▼
▲|today = [[Okinawa Prefecture]]
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- Only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration". -->| p1 = Ryukyu Kingdom
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| date_pre = ▼
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| image_border = no
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| image_coat = Ryukyu-han seal.png▼
▲|flag_type = [[Mon (emblem)|''Mon'']] of the [[Second Shō clan]]
| symbol_type = Official seal
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▲|image_coat = Ryukyu-han seal.png
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| image_map_caption = Ryukyu Domain included the southern-half of the Ryukyu Islands.▼
<!-- Area and population of a given year (up to 5) -->| stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both, numbered 1–5 -->
| stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->▼
▲|image_map_caption = Ryukyu Domain included the southern-half of the Ryukyu Islands.
| stat_pop1 = <!--
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▲|stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
}}
{{History of Ryukyu}}
The {{nihongo|'''Ryukyu Domain'''|琉球藩|Ryūkyū han}} was a short-lived [[Han system|___domain]] of the [[Empire of Japan]], lasting from 1872 to 1879, and simultaneously a [[Tributary system of China|tributary state]] of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]], until 1875, before being fully incorporated into Japan as the current [[Okinawa Prefecture]] and other islands at the Pacific edge of the [[East China Sea]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Japan : Ryukyuans (Okinawans) |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/mrgi/2018/en/37183#:~:text=After%20unification%20in%20the%2014th,and%20formally%20annexed%20the%20Ry%C5%ABky%C5%ABs. |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref>
When the ___domain was created in 1872, Japan's feudal [[han system]] had developed in unique ways. The ___domain was a [[politics|political]] and [[Economics|economic]] abstraction based on periodic [[cadastral]] surveys and projected agricultural yields.<ref>[[Jeffrey Mass|Mass, Jeffrey P.]] and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref> In other words, the ___domain was defined in terms of ''[[kokudaka]]'', not land area.<ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref> This was different from the [[feudalism]] of the West.▼
▲When the ___domain was created in 1872, Japan's feudal [[han system]] had developed in unique ways.
==History==
In 1609, the [[invasion of Ryukyu]] caused a change in the relationship of the island nation and Japan.<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "Ryukyu Islands" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 801|page=801}}; Fassbender, Bardo ''et al.'' (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=PI9nw2tQu4IC
The dual nature of the kingdom and its rulers was eliminated with the creation of the Ryukyu Domain which existed from 1872 through 1879.<ref>Matsumura, Wendy. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nWXwkb_xRNsC&q=1879&pg=PA74 ''Becoming Okinawan: Japanese Capitalism and Changing Representations of Okinawa,'' p. 38]; excerpt, "March 27, 1879 marks the birth of [[Okinawa Prefecture]] and the death of the short-lived Ryukyu ___domain, which itself came into being on September 14, 1872, replacing the Ryukyu kingdom."</ref> In 1872, the [[Emperor Meiji|Emperor of Japan]], after reaching a compromise with [[Meiji oligarchy|his advisors]], created [[Shō Tai]], who held the title of [[Ryukyu Kingdom]]'s [[King of Ryukyu|King]] (琉球国王 ''Ryūkyū-koku-ō''), Domain King (琉球藩王 ''Ryūkyū-han-ō'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Okinawa's History |url=http://rca.open.ed.jp/web_e/history/story/epoch4/syobun_up/up05.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=rca.open.ed.jp}}</ref> As a result, the Ryukyu Kingdom was no longer a kingdom in its own right but henceforth recognized as a ''[[Han system|han]],'' an [[administrative division]] of Japan.<ref name="lin2006">Lin, Man-houng. [https://www.japanfocus.org/-Man_houng-Lin/2258 "The Ryukyus and Taiwan in the East Asian Seas: A Longue Durée Perspective,"] ''Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus.'' October 27, 2006, translated and abridged from ''Academia Sinica Weekly,'' No. 1084. 24 August 2006.</ref> The Meiji Emperor's advisors advocated for the dissolution of the Ryukyuan monarchy entirely, just as had been done with the deposition of the [[Daimyo|''daimyo''<nowiki/>'s]], however the Emperor felt a great sympathy for Shō Tai and, in a rare and reign defining moment, exerted his newly restored Imperial Authority to ensure the continuation of the monarchy. Ultimately, however, the Emperor was cognisant of the methodical and progressive dispossession by [[Government of Meiji Japan|his government]] of Ryukyuan sovereignty in favour of Imperial rule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Okinawa's History |url=http://rca.open.ed.jp/web_e/history/story/epoch4/syobun_4.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=rca.open.ed.jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MOFA: Okinawa: History (The Birth of Okinawa Prefecture/World War II/Post World War II Okinawa to the Present) (Kyushu-Okinawa Summit 2000) |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/outline/eng/okinawa/oki0302.html#:~:text=The%20Meiji%20Government,%20which%20came,as%20the%20%22Ryukyu%20Disposition.%22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223052852/https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/outline/eng/okinawa/oki0302.html |archive-date=2024-12-23 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=www.mofa.go.jp |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Japan |first=Travel |title=The Ryukyu Kingdom: A Brief History |url=https://www.traveljapan.com.au/the-ryukyu-kingdom-a-brief-history |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Travel Japan |language=en}}</ref>
The
In 1879, Shō Tai was forced to [[Abdication|abdicate]] and move to Tokyo, Ryukyu Domain was abolished, and [[Okinawa Prefecture]] was established.<ref>Nussbaum, "Okinawa-ken" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 746-747|page=746}}</ref> Shō Tai was given the title of Marquis and added to the list of [[kazoku|Japan's peerage]].<ref>[[
▲The dual nature of the kingdom and its rulers was eliminated with the creation of the Ryukyu Domain which existed from 1872 through 1879.<ref>Matsumura, Wendy. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nWXwkb_xRNsC&pg=PA74&dq=ryukyu+han&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2vtJUbmFBtXe4AOrroGwDw&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=1879&f=false ''Becoming Okinawan: Japanese Capitalism and Changing Representations of Okinawa,'' p. 38]; excerpt, "March 27, 1879 marks the birth of [[Okinawa Prefecture]] and the death of the short-lived Ryukyu ___domain, which itself came into being on September 14, 1872, replacing the Ryukyu kingdom."</ref> In 1872, the [[Emperor of Japan]] changed the title of [[Shō Tai]], who was the Ryukyu Kingdom's monarch (琉球国王 ''Ryūkyū-koku-ō''). Instead, Shō Tai became a ___domain head (琉球藩王 ''Ryūkyū-han-ō''). In other words, the Ryukyu Kingdom was then recognized as a ''han''.<ref name="lin2006">Lin, Man-houng. [http://www.japanfocus.org/-Man_houng-Lin/2258 "The Ryukyus and Taiwan in the East Asian Seas: A Longue Durée Perspective,"] ''Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus.'' October 27, 2006, translated and abridged from ''Academia Sinica Weekly,'' No. 1084. 24 August 2006.</ref> The former monarch and Ryukyuan aristocrats were granted lands and stipends of support in this period.<ref>Matsuo, {{Google books|XeVUCjFVaYQC|p. 81.|page=81}}</ref> The administration of the Ryukyus was established under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Foreign Ministry]].<ref name="lin2006"/> After the [[Taiwan Expedition of 1874]], Japan's role as the protector of the [[Ryukyuan people]] was acknowledged; but fiction of the Ryukyu Kingdom's independence was partially maintained until 1879.<ref>Goodenough, Ward H. [http://ann.sagepub.com/content/323/1/165.1.extract Book Review: "George H. Kerr. ''Okinawa: the History of an Island People ...,"] ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,'' May 1959, Vol. 323, No. 1, p. 165.</ref> In 1875, administrative jurisdiction over the Ryukyus was transferred from the Foreign Ministry to the [[Home Ministry (Japan)|Home Ministry]].<ref name="lin2006"/>
==Resistance against the decision==
▲In 1879, Shō Tai was forced to [[Abdication|abdicate]] and move to Tokyo, Ryukyu Domain was abolished, and [[Okinawa Prefecture]] was established.<ref>Nussbaum, "Okinawa-ken" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 746-747|page=746}}</ref> Shō Tai was given the title of Marquis and added to the list of [[kazoku|Japan's peerage]].<ref>[[Edmund Papinot|Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph]]. (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 56], republishing Papinot (1906), ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; retrieved 2013-3-23.</ref>
In 1876, [[Kōchi Chōjō]] gathered other Ryukyuans who, like himself, had fled for China, including [[Rin Seikō]] (林世功) and [[:zh:蔡大鼎|Sai Taitei]] (蔡大鼎).<ref>"Kōchi Chōjō." ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41324-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo]. 1 March 2003. Accessed 17 September 2009.</ref> Together, they submitted numerous petitions to the Qing officials asking for help on behalf of the kingdom. Though there was little, if any, positive response for a long time, Chōjō and others refused to give up.<ref name=jinmei>"Kōchi Chōjō." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People of Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p 28.</ref>
==See also==
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==References==
* [[George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]] (1958). ''Okinawa: the History of an Island People.'' Rutland, Vermont: Charles Tuttle Co. [
* ___________. (1953). ''Ryukyu Kingdom and Province before 1945.'' Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. [
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC
{{Domains of Kyūshū}}
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