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Rescuing 29 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
One thing the most visited [[website]]s have in common is that they are [[Website#Dynamic website|dynamic websites]]. Their [[web development|development]] typically involves [[Web development#Server side coding|server-side coding]], [[Web development#Client side coding|client-side coding]] and [[Web development#Database technology|database technology]]. The [[programming language]]s applied to deliver such dynamic web content vary vastly between sites.
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{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under col2right"
|+ Programming languages used in most popular websites
|-ffffff
! scope="col" | [[Website]]s
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! scope="col" | [[Frontend and backend|Back-end]]<br/>([[Server-side]])
! scope="col" | [[Database]]
|-
| [[Google]]<ref>searchenginewatch.com - [http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2081332/Google-Hits-the-Billion-Monthly-Unique-Visitors-Mark Google Hits the Billion Monthly Unique Visitors Mark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225052844/http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2081332/Google-Hits-the-Billion-Monthly-Unique-Visitors-Mark |date=25 December 2013 }}</ref>
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| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]],<ref>Rob Pike (2012). Go at Google. Presentation at the [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] conference on Systems, Programming, Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH).</ref> [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Node.js|Node]]
| [[Bigtable]],<ref name="Bigtable">{{cite web|title=Google's Bigtable|url=http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616203323/http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214|archive-date=16 June 2006}}</ref> [[MariaDB]]<ref name="google_mdb">{{cite web | url=http://readwrite.com/2013/09/14/google-waves-goodbye-to-mysql-in-favor-of-mariadb#awesm=~omBpxaeC3cblHt | title=Google Waves Goodbye To MySQL In Favor Of MariaDB | date=14 September 2013 | publisher=readwrite.com | access-date=12 December 2014 | archive-date=26 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070412/https://readwrite.com/2013/09/14/google-waves-goodbye-to-mysql-in-favor-of-mariadb/#awesm=~omBpxaeC3cblHt | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Facebook]]
| 1,120,000,000
| [[JavaScript]], [[TypeScript]], [[Flow (type checker)|Flow]]
| [[Hack (programming language)|Hack]]/[[HHVM]], [[PHP|PHP]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[D (programming language)|D]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forum.dlang.org/thread/l37h5s$2gd8$1@digitalmars.com|title=Facebook is using D in production starting today|website=forum.dlang.org|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212009/http://forum.dlang.org/thread/l37h5s$2gd8$1@digitalmars.com|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Haskell]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting spam with Haskell|url=https://code.facebook.com/posts/745068642270222/fighting-spam-with-haskell/|work=Facebook Engineering|date=26 June 2015|publisher=Facebook|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070420/https://code.fb.com/security/fighting-spam-with-haskell/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[MariaDB]], [[MySQL]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MySQL and Database Engineering|website=[[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/mysql-and-database-engineering-mark-callaghan/10150599729938920|access-date=6 January 2014|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111220854/https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/mysql-and-database-engineering-mark-callaghan/10150599729938920/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Apache HBase|HBase]], [[Apache Cassandra|Cassandra]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cassandra – A structured storage system Developed By Facebook |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/cassandra-a-structured-storage-system-on-a-p2p-network/24413138919 |access-date=23 September 2015 |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524180124/https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/cassandra-a-structured-storage-system-on-a-p2p-network/24413138919/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[YouTube]]
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| [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://highscalability.com/blog/2008/3/12/youtube-architecture.html|title=YouTube Architecture - High Scalability -|date=12 March 2008|access-date=13 October 2014|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070442/http://highscalability.com/blog/2008/3/12/youtube-architecture.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Go (programming language)|Go]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Golang Vitess: a database wrapper written in Go as used by Youtube|website=[[GitHub]]|date=28 September 2022|url=https://github.com/youtube/vitess|access-date=17 November 2014|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130213332/https://github.com/youtube/vitess|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Vitess, [[Bigtable|BigTable]], [[MariaDB]]<ref name="google_mdb"/>
|-
| [[Yahoo]]
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|[[PHP]]
|[[PostgreSQL]], [[Apache HBase|HBase]], [[Apache Cassandra|Cassandra]], [[MongoDB]],<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=World's Largest Database Running on Postgres|url=http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/oracle-guide/worlds-largest-database-runs-on-postgres-24979|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-date=21 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021114758/http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/oracle-guide/worlds-largest-database-runs-on-postgres-24979|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Etsy]]
|516,000,000
|[[JavaScript]]
|[[PHP]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-15|title=Improving the Deployment Experience of a Ten-Year Old Application|url=https://codeascraft.com/2021/06/15/improving-the-deployment-experience-of-a-ten-year-old-application/|access-date=2021-11-24|website=Code as Craft|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124012821/https://codeascraft.com/2021/06/15/improving-the-deployment-experience-of-a-ten-year-old-application/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[MySQL]], [[Redis]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-25|title=How Etsy Prepared for Historic Volumes of Holiday Traffic in 2020|url=https://codeascraft.com/2021/02/25/how-etsy-prepared-for-historic-volumes-of-holiday-traffic-in-2020/|access-date=2021-11-24|website=Code as Craft|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124012824/https://codeascraft.com/2021/02/25/how-etsy-prepared-for-historic-volumes-of-holiday-traffic-in-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]
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| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C++]], [[Perl]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Architecture|date=18 September 2007|url=http://highscalability.com/blog/2007/9/18/amazon-architecture.html|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212004/http://highscalability.com/blog/2007/9/18/amazon-architecture.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Amazon DynamoDB|DynamoDB]], [[Amazon Relational Database Service|RDS]]/[[Amazon Aurora|Aurora]], [[Amazon Redshift|Redshift]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://siliconangle.com/2019/10/15/amazon-finally-ditched-oracles-databases-favor/|title=Amazon's consumer business ditches Oracle's databases|date=2019-10-15|website=SiliconANGLE|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-08|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212010/https://siliconangle.com/2019/10/15/amazon-finally-ditched-oracles-databases-favor/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Wikipedia]]
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| [[PHP]]
| [[MariaDB]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/04/22/wikipedia-adopts-mariadb/|title=Wikipedia Adopts MariaDB|date=22 April 2013|publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|access-date=29 April 2013|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070414/https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/04/22/wikipedia-adopts-mariadb/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fandom (website)|Fandom]]
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|[[PHP]]
|[[MySQL]]
|-
| [[X (Twitter)|X]]
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| [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://go.java/twitter.html|title=Twitter and Java {{!}} go.Java {{!}} Oracle|website=go.java|language=en-US|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916210540/https://go.java/twitter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Venners|first=Bill|title=Twitter on Scala|url=http://www.artima.com/scalazine/articles/twitter_on_scala.html|access-date=6 January 2014|archive-date=19 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619164149/http://www.artima.com/scalazine/articles/twitter_on_scala.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] ([[Ruby On Rails|Ruby on Rails]])
|[[MySQL]]<ref>{{cite web|title=How Twitter Stores 250 Million Tweets A Day Using MySQL|date=19 December 2011|url=http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/19/how-twitter-stores-250-million-tweets-a-day-using-mysql.html|access-date=6 January 2014|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212002/http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/19/how-twitter-stores-250-million-tweets-a-day-using-mysql.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]]
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| [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
|[[Microsoft SQL Server]], [[Cosmos DB]]
|-
| [[eBay]]
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| [[Java (programming language)|Java]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://highscalability.com/ebay-architecture|title=eBay Architecture|date=27 May 2008|access-date=13 October 2014|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070421/http://highscalability.com/ebay-architecture|url-status=live}}</ref> [[JavaScript]],<ref>{{cite web|title=How We Built eBay's First Node.js Application|date=17 May 2013|url=http://www.ebaytechblog.com/2013/05/17/how-we-built-ebays-first-node-js-application/|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112145338/http://www.ebaytechblog.com/2013/05/17/how-we-built-ebays-first-node-js-application/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paypal.github.io/squbs/|title=squbs|website=paypal.github.io|access-date=1 January 2017|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018112625/https://paypal.github.io/squbs/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Oracle Database]]
|-
| [[MSN]]
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| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] ([[ASP.NET]])
|[[Microsoft SQL Server]]
|-
| [[LinkedIn]]
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| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/10/4/linkedin-moved-from-rails-to-node-27-servers-cut-and-up-to-2.html|title=LinkedIn Moved From Rails To Node: 27 Servers Cut And Up To 20x Faster|date=4 October 2012|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070446/http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/10/4/linkedin-moved-from-rails-to-node-27-servers-cut-and-up-to-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]
| Venice<ref>{{cite web |url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/project-voldemort/aMDySxVfga8/SFI8gI8xEAAJ |title=project-voldemort mailing list post: 2018-08-16 |access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2018/04/venice-performance-optimization |title=Venice Performance Optimization |access-date=11 April 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314193045/https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2018/04/venice-performance-optimization |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Pinterest]]
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| [[Python (programming language)|Python]] ([[Django (web framework)|Django]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/faq/general/#is-django-stable|title=FAQ:General|access-date=3 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022004624/https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/faq/general/#is-django-stable|archive-date=22 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Introducing new open-source tools for the Elixir community |url = https://engineering.pinterest.com/blog/introducing-new-open-source-tools-elixir-community |access-date = 2016-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219153708/https://engineering.pinterest.com/blog/introducing-new-open-source-tools-elixir-community |archive-date=19 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[MySQL]], [[Redis]]<ref name="bi_pint">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-we-scaled-pinterest-2013-4?op=1&IR=T | title=How We Scaled Pinterest From Zero Users To A $2 Billion Valuation | publisher=Business Insider | access-date=12 December 2014 | archive-date=26 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226070439/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-we-scaled-pinterest-2013-4?op=1&IR=T%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[WordPress.com]]
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|[[PHP]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=PHP Environment|url=https://wordpress.com/support/php-environment/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=WordPress.com Support|language=en|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212001/https://wordpress.com/support/php-environment/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[MariaDB]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wordpress.com/support/php-environment/ |title=WordPress.com PHP Environment |date=26 February 2019 |access-date=2020-10-24 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212001/https://wordpress.com/support/php-environment/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Netflix]]
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|[[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix, Inc. |url=https://github.com/Netflix |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=1 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101050802/https://github.com/Netflix |url-status=live }}</ref>
|NMDB,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=Netflix Technology |date=2019-02-03 |title=The Netflix Media Database (NMDB) |url=https://netflixtechblog.com/the-netflix-media-database-nmdb-9bf8e6d0944d |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> [[PostgreSQL]]
|}
* [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] [[List of HTTP header fields|Header]] information
* Request for file types
* Citations from reliable sources
}}}}
<div style="overflow-x: scroll">
{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under"
|+ Back-end (Server-side) table in most popular websites
|-
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|-
| [[Google Search|Google]]
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| [[YouTube]]
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| [[Yahoo]]
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| [[Etsy]]
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| [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]
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| [[Wikipedia]]
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| [[Fandom]]
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| [[X (Twitter)|X]]
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| [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]]
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| [[eBay]]
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|[[Netflix]]
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</div>
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* [[TIOBE index]]
* [["Hello, World!" program]]
* [[CodeHS]]
==References==
|