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{{Short description|US Climate Change organization}}
The '''Climate Change Science Program''' ('''CCSP''') was the program responsible for coordinating and integrating research on [[global warming]] by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.<ref>[http://www.climatescience.gov/infosheets/factsheet1/default.htm Climate Change Science Program] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207092833/http://www.climatescience.gov/infosheets/factsheet1/default.htm |date=2007-02-07 }} 2006. Overview of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, Fact Sheet 1. Washington, DC (January)</ref> Toward the end of that period, CCSP issued 21 separate climate assessment reports that addressed [[Climate Change Science Program#Observations and causes of climate change|climate observations]], changes in the atmosphere, expected [[climate change]], [[Climate Change Science Program#Impacts and adaptation|impacts and adaptation]], and risk management issues. Shortly after President Obama took office, the program's name was changed to U.S. [[Global Change Research Program]] (USGCRP) which was also the program's name before 2002. Nevertheless, the [[Obama Administration]] generally embraced the CCSP products as sound science providing a basis for climate policy.<ref>See [[Climate Change Science Program#Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States|Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States]].</ref> Because those reports were mostly issued after the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC), and in some cases focused specifically on the United States, they were generally viewed within the United States as having an importance and scientific credibility comparable to the IPCC assessments for the first few years of the Obama Administration.<ref>For example, see [https://web.archive.org/web/20091208190419/http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment/downloads/Endangerment%20TSD.pdf Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act: Technical Support Document] 2009. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC (December)</ref>
==The products==
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====The Arctic and other high latitude areas (SAP 1.2)====
On January 16, 2009 (the last business day of the Bush Administration), USGS released ''Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes''.<ref>[http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap1-2/default.php CCSP, 2009.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706025403/http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap1-2/default.php |date=2009-07-06 }} Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes. Alley R.B., [[Julie Brigham-Grette|Brigham-Grette J.]], Miller G.H., Polyak L., and White J.W.C. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC. 270 pp.</ref> According to the USGS press release,<ref>[http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=2109&from=rss_home U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Communication] Arctic Heats Up More than Other Places, January 16, 2009</ref> the report shows that:
* The Arctic has recently been warming about as rapidly as it has ever warned throughout the entire record of past Arctic climate.
* The loss of sea ice during summers over the last few decades is highly unusual compared to the last few thousand years. Changes in Earth's orbit alone would have increased summer sea ice.
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A committee set up under the [[Federal Advisory Committee Act]] monitored the progress of SAP 4.1, and questioned several aspects of the final report. The original plan included maps and estimates of wetland loss from a then-ongoing EPA mapping study conducted by James G. Titus,<ref>
{{Cite journal| author=Cornelia Dean | title=Next Victim of Warming: The Beaches | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE6DC1E31F933A15755C0A9609C8B63 | access-date=15 June 2010 | journal=New York Times | date=June 20, 2006 }}</ref> who was also a lead author of SAP 4.1. Early drafts included the maps and results, but the final draft did not. Experts and environmental organizations objected to the deletions. The federal advisory committee also took issue with the maps' removal from SAP 4.1 and recommended that EPA publish the mapping study.<ref>[
{{Cite journal| author=Josh Harkinson and Kate Sheppard | title=Coastal Collapse | url=http://www.slate.com/id/2252063 | access-date=June 1, 2010 | journal=Slate | date=April 27, 2010 }}</ref>
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area to understand what strategies will increase the resilience of each ecosystem.
EPA concluded that climate change can increase the impact of traditional stressors (such as pollution or [[habitat destruction]]) on ecosystems, and that many existing best management practices to reduce these stressors can also be applied to reduce the impacts of climate change. For example, current efforts to reverse habitat destruction by restoring vegetation along streams also increase ecosystem resilience to climate change impacts, such as greater amounts of pollutants and sediments from more intense rainfall. EPA also concluded that the nation's ability to adapt to climate change will depend on a variety of factors including recognizing the barriers to implementing new strategies, expanding collaboration among ecosystem managers, creatively re-examining program goals and authorities, and being flexible in setting priorities and managing for change.
====''Effects of Climate Change on Energy Production and Use'' (SAP 4.5)====
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===Reviews and criticism===
The Climate Change Science Program operated during an administration that believed that continued scientific investigation was necessary before policies should be implemented.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} The CCSP faced the challenge of navigating the narrow path between administration officials who were sceptical of the general scientific consensus about greenhouse gases,<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.alternet.org/story/11054/ | work=AlterNet| title= George W. Bush: The Un-science Guy | first= David |last=Corn |date= 2001-06-19| access-date=2006-11-05}},{{Cite web
| url =
| title = Bush Disses Global Warming Report
| work = [[CBS News]]
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