Restrictions on the import of cryptography: Difference between revisions

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{{about|current restrictions on the import of cryptographic tools|restrictions on exporting cryptographic tools|Export of cryptography}}

{{Update|date=December 2015}}

Historically, a number of countries have attempted to restrict the import of [[cryptography]] tools.

Historically, aA number of countries have attempted to restrict the import of [[cryptography]] tools.

==Rationale==

Countries may wish to restrict import of cryptography technologies for a number of reasons:

* Imported cryptography may have [[Backdoor_Backdoor (computing)|backdoors]] or [[Security Holes|security holes]] (e.g. the [[FREAK|FREAK vulnerability]]), intentional or not, which allowallows foreignersthe country or group who created the backdoor technology, for example the [[National Security Agency|National Security Agency (NSA)]], to spy on persons using the imported cryptography; therefore the use of cryptography is restricted to that which the government thinks is safe, or which it develops itself.

* Cryptography may increase levels of privacy within the country beyond what the government wishes.

* Citizens can anonymously communicate with each other, preventing any external party from monitoring them.

* Encrypted transactions may impede external entities to control the conducting of business.

* Cryptography may sometimes increase levels of privacy within the country beyond what the government wishes.

* Imported cryptography may have [[Backdoor_(computing)|backdoors]] or security holes, intentional or not, which allow foreigners to spy on persons using the imported cryptography; therefore the use of cryptography is restricted to that which the government thinks is safe, or which it develops itself.

==Status by country==

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{| class="wikitable sortable"

! Country

! class="unsortable" | Status

! Updated

|-

Line 44 ⟶ 46:

| 2008

|-

| [[Czech RepublicCanada]]

| style="background-color:#faf3a2cef2e0;" | [httphttps://www.cryptolawic.orggc.ca/cls2eic/site/ecic-ceac.htm#abnsf/eng/gv00366.html Green/Yellow]

| 20082015

|-

| [[China]]

| style="background-color:#faf3a2" | [http://www.cryptolaw.org/cls2.htm#prc Yellow]

| 2008

|-

| [[Czech Republic]]

| style="background-color:#faf3a2" | [http://www.cryptolaw.org/cls2.htm#cr Green/Yellow]

| 2008

|-

Line 84 ⟶ 90:

| 2008

|-

| [[KhazakstanKazakhstan]]

| style="background-color:#faf3a2" | [http://www.cryptolaw.org/cls2.htm#ka Yellow]

| 2008

Line 135 ⟶ 141:

| style="background-color:#faf3a2" | [http://www.cryptolaw.org/cls2.htm#po Green/Yellow]

| 2008

|-

| [[Romania]]

| style="background-color:#ffc9c9cef2e0" | [http://www2www.epiccryptolaw.org/reports/crypto2000/countriescls2.htmlhtm#_Toc477927407ro RedGreen]

| 1996 (Wassenaar)

|-

| [[Russia]]

Line 159 ⟶ 169:

| style="background-color:#faf3a2" | [http://www.cryptolaw.org/cls2.htm#sk Yellow]

| 2008

|-

| [[Tatarstan]]

| [http://www2.epic.org/reports/crypto2000/countries.html#_Toc477927393 Unknown]

| 2000

|-

| [[Tunisia]]

Line 175 ⟶ 181:

| style="background-color:#faf3a2" | [http://www.cryptolaw.org/cls2.htm#ukr Yellow]

| 2007

|-

| [[Uzbekistan]]

| style="background-color:#ffc9c9" | [http://www2.epic.org/reports/crypto2000/countries.html#_Toc477927407 Red]

| 2000

|-

| [[Vietnam]]

Line 188 ⟶ 190:

==See also==

* [[Code as speech]]

{{Portal|Cryptography}}

* [[Export of cryptography]]

==External links==

* ''[http://www.gilc.org/crypto/crypto-survey.html Cryptography and Liberty 1998, GILC Report]''

* ''[http://rechtenwww.uvt.nl/koops/cryptolaw/.org Crypto-Law survey 20082013]''

<!-- Link broken * ''[http://www.citrix.com/lang/English/lp/lp_1319021.asp Citrix list of restricted countries] - has no explanation of sources of the information or distinction over whether or not the restrictions are on export from certain locations (e.g. USA), or local importation restrictions. -->

[[Category:CryptographyExport lawand import control of cryptography]]