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I have added that can we use 32 bit computing system for gaming and and what gaming experience has on it.I add some games that we can play in 32 bit computing system Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
m Reverted edit by 2402:4000:B151:1269:1851:5121:C0C8:2F12 (talk) to last version by 121.10.69.199 |
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{{Short description|Computer architecture bit width}}
{{Computer architecture bit widths}}
In [[computer architecture]], '''32-bit computing''' refers to computer systems with a [[Central processing unit|processor]], [[computer memory|memory]], and other major system components that operate on data in a maximum of 32-[[bit]] units.<ref name="PCMProsise1995">{{Cite magazine |last=Prosise |first=Jeff |date=1995-11-07 |title=16 or 32 Bits: Should It Matter to You? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxIpLj9BmV8C&pg=PA321 |magazine=PC Magazine |pages=321–322 |access-date=2022-11-30}}</ref><ref name="SDFEBuchanan1997">{{Cite book |last=Buchanan |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ufAQAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 |title=Software Development for Engineers : C/C++, Pascal, Assembly, Visual Basic, HTML, Java Script, Java DOS, Windows NT, UNIX. |date=1997 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-08-054137-2 |___location=Burlington |pages=230 |oclc=854975383}}</ref> Compared to smaller bit widths, 32-bit computers can perform large calculations more efficiently and process more data per clock cycle. Typical 32-bit [[Personal computer|personal computers]] also have a 32-bit [[address bus]], permitting up to 4
32-bit designs have been used since the earliest days of electronic computing, in experimental systems and then in large [[mainframe computer|mainframe]] and [[minicomputer]] systems. The first hybrid 16/32-bit [[microprocessor]], the [[Motorola 68000]], was introduced in the late 1970s and used in systems such as the original [[Apple Macintosh]]. Fully 32-bit microprocessors such as the [[HP FOCUS]], [[Motorola 68020]] and [[i386|Intel 80386]] were launched in the early to mid 1980s and became dominant by the early 1990s. This generation of personal computers coincided with and enabled the first [[
==Range for storing integers==
A 32-bit [[processor register|register]] can store 2<sup>32</sup> different values. The [[range (computer programming)|range]] of [[integer]] values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the [[Integer (computer science)#Value and representation|integer representation]] used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through [[4,294,967,295]] (2<sup>32</sup> − 1) for representation as an ([[signedness|unsigned]]) [[binary number]], and −2,147,483,648 (−2<sup>31</sup>) through [[2,147,483,647]] (2<sup>31</sup> − 1) for representation as [[two's complement]].
One important consequence is that a processor with 32-bit [[memory address]]es can directly access at most 4 [[Gibibyte|GiB]] of [[Byte addressing|byte-addressable]] memory (though in practice the limit may be lower).
==Technical history==
[[File:XC68020 top p1160084.jpg|thumb|Motorola 68020 prototype from 1984. It features a 32-bit ALU and 32-bit address and data buses.]]
The world's first stored-program [[electronic computer]], the [[Manchester Baby]], used a 32-bit architecture in 1948, although it was only a [[proof of concept]] and had little practical capacity. It held only 32 32-bit words of RAM on a [[Williams tube]], and had no addition operation, only subtraction.
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==Architectures==
Prominent 32-bit instruction set architectures used in general-purpose computing include the [[IBM System/360]]
=={{anchor|32-bit application}} Applications==
On the [[x86 architecture]], a 32-bit application normally means [[software]] that typically (not necessarily) uses the 32-bit linear [[address space]] (or [[flat memory model]]) possible with the [[80386]] and later chips. In this context, the term came about because [[DOS]], [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[OS/2]]<ref>''There were also variants of [[UNIX]] for the 80286''.</ref> were originally written for the [[Intel 8088|8088/8086]] or [[Intel 80286|80286]], [[16-bit computing|16-bit]] microprocessors with a [[memory segment|segment]]ed address space where programs had to switch between segments to reach more than 64 [[kilobyte]]s of [[object file|code]] or data. As this is quite time-consuming in comparison to other machine operations, the performance may suffer. Furthermore, [[computer programming|programming]] with segments tend to become complicated; special ''far'' and ''near'' keywords or ''[[C memory model|memory model]]s'' had to be used (with care), not only in [[assembly language]] but also in high level languages such as [[Pascal programming language|Pascal]], compiled [[BASIC]], [[Fortran]], [[C (programming language)|C]], etc.
The 80386 and its successors fully support the 16-bit segments of the 80286 but also segments for 32-bit address offsets (using the new 32-bit width of the main registers). If the [[base address]] of all 32-bit segments is set to 0, and segment registers are not used explicitly, the segmentation can be forgotten and the processor appears as having a simple linear 32-bit address space. [[Operating system]]s like Windows or OS/2 provide the possibility to run 16-bit (segmented) programs as well as 32-bit programs. The former possibility exists for [[backward compatibility]] and the latter is usually meant to be used for new [[software engineering|software development]].<ref>{{FOLDOC|32-bit+application}}</ref>
==Images==
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==File formats==
A 32-bit file format is a [[binary file]] [[file format|format]] for which each elementary information is defined on 32 bits (or 4 [[byte]]s). An example of such a format is the [[Windows Metafile|Enhanced Metafile Format]].
==See also==
* [[Fifth generation of video game consoles|History of video games (32-bit era)]]
* [[Word (computer architecture)]]
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