Waterfall plot: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Data visualization technique}}

{{aboutdistinguish|thetext=[[Waterfall type of 3D graph representation|thechart]]s, 2D floating -column diagram showing increases and decreases|waterfall chart.}}

{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}

{{redirect|Waterfall display|the hardware|Waterfall display (hardware)}}

[[File:SDRpp FM subcarriers.png|thumb|300px|right|FM station broadcasting at 91.7 MHz on seen on SDRpp spectrogram]]

A '''waterfallWaterfall plotplots''' isare aoften used to show how two-dimensional phenomena change over time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Glen |first1=Stephanie |title=Waterfall Plot / Chart: Definition, Types & Examples |url=https://www.statisticshowto.com/waterfall-plot/ |website=statisticshowto.com |date=11 January 2018 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> A three-dimensional ''spectral waterfall plot'' is a plot in which multiple curves of data, typically [[Spectrum|spectra]], are displayed simultaneously. Typically the curves are staggered both across the screen and vertically, with '"nearer'" curves masking the ones behind. The result is a series of "mountain" shapes that appear to be side by side. The waterfall plot is often used to show how two-dimensional information changes over time or some other variable such as [[Revolutionsrotational per minute|rpmspeed]]. TheWaterfall termplots "waterfallare plot"also is sometimesoften used asto adepict synonym of "''[[spectrogram]]"s'' or "Cumulative''cumulative Spectralspectral Decay"decay''{{Definition needed|date=December 2021}} (CSD) plot.

==Uses==

* The results of [[spectral density estimation]], showing the spectrum of the signal at successive intervals of time.

Waterfall plots are often used to show the:

* The [[Latency (audio)|delayed response]] from a [[loudspeaker]] or [[listening room]] produced by [[impulse response]] testing or [[MLSSA]].

* results of [[spectral density estimation]], showing the spectrum of the signal at successive intervals of time.

* spectraSpectra at different engine speeds when testing engines.

* [[delayed response]] from a [[loudspeaker]] or [[listening room]] produced by [[impulse response]] testing or [[MLSSA]].

[[Image:Aaronia Spectrum Analyzer Software.jpg|thumb|The upper half of this diagram shows the frequency spectrum of a modern [[Switched-mode power supply|switching power supply]] which employs [[spread spectrum]]. The lower half is a waterfall plot showing the variation of the frequency spectrum over time during the power supply's heating up period.]]

* spectra at different engine speeds when testing engines.

File[[Image:Waterfall plot of a whistle.png|thumb|center|500px|Spectrogram and 3 styles of waterfall plot of a whistled sequence of 3 notes vs time]]

[[File:Waterfall FM Broadcast.jpg|thumb|Instantaneous spectrum and a waterfall plot in the FM radio broadcast band showing three strong local stations; speech and music show different patterns of frequency vs. time. In the waterfall plot, frequency is plotted across the screen, time is represented by vertical distance down the screen, and the amplitude of the signal is represented by color; higher amplitude is red, low amplitude blue. ]]

<gallery>

File:Waterfall plot of a whistle.png|Spectrogram and 3 styles of waterfall plot of a whistled sequence of 3 notes vs time

</gallery>

==See also==

* [[Loudspeaker acoustics]]

* [[Loudspeaker measurement]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

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[[Category:Sound recording]]

[[Category:Acoustics]]

{{Tech-stub}}