Common Alerting Protocol: Difference between revisions

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{{shortShort description|XML-based markup language}}

The '''Common Alerting Protocol''' ('''CAP''') is an [[XML]]-based data format for exchanging [[emergency population warning|public warnings]] and emergencies between alerting technologies. CAP allows a warning message to be consistently disseminated simultaneously over many warning systems to many applications, such as [[Google Public Alerts]] and [[Cell Broadcast]]. CAP increases warning effectiveness and simplifies the task of activating a warning for responsible officials.

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The US [[National Science and Technology Council]] (NSTC) November 2000 report on "Effective Disaster Warnings" recommended that "standard method should be developed to collect and relay instantaneously and automatically all types of hazard warnings and reports locally, regionally and nationally for input into a wide variety of dissemination systems."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sdr.gov/NDIS_rev_Oct27.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513144112/http://www.sdr.gov/NDIS_rev_Oct27.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-13 }}</ref>

In 2001, an international independent group of over 120 emergency managers that was convened online by California emergency telecommunications expert Art Botterell began specifying and prototyping the Common Alerting Protocol data structure based on the recommendations of the NSTC report. The project was embraced by the non-profit Partnership for Public Warning and a number of international warning system vendors.<ref>http{{Cite web|url=https://www.ppw.us {{webarchive/|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020928072102/http://www.ppw.us/|url-status=usurped|title=Partnership for Public Warning|archive-date=2002-09-28 September 2002|website=ppw.us}}</ref> A series of field trials and long-term demonstration projects during 2002-03 led to the submission of a draft CAP specification to the OASIS standards process for formalization.

The CAP&nbsp;1.0 specification was approved by [[OASIS (organization)|OASIS]] in April 2004. Based on experience with CAP&nbsp;1.0, the OASIS Emergency Management Technical Committee adopted an updated CAP&nbsp;1.1 specification in October 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/emergency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030207195408/http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/emergency/ |archive-date=2003-02-07 |title=OASIS - Committees - OASIS Emergency Management TC}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/14759/emergency-CAPv1.1.pdf {{BareCommon URLAlerting PDF}}Protocol, v. 1.1] oasis-open.org</ref> At a meeting in Geneva in October 2006 the CAP&nbsp;1.1 specification was taken under consideration by the [[International Telecommunication Union]]'s [[ITU-T|Standardization Sector]] for adoption as an ITU-T recommendation. CAP was subsequently adopted as Recommendation X.1303.<ref>{{cite web |title=X.1303 : Common alerting protocol (CAP 1.1) |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.1303/en |publisher=International Telecommunication Union |access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref>

CAP specification version 1.2 has been available since July 2010 at the OASIS website.<ref>[http://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.pdf {{BareCommon URLAlerting PDF}}Protocol Version 1.2] oasis-open.org</ref>

==Implementation==

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===Germany===

The Federal Office for Citizen Protection and Disaster Support (''Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und KatastrophenhilfeKatastrophenhilf''e, BBK) is working on an implementation based on CAP 1.2, which will allow for Internet-based access to data provided by the nation's modular warning system MoWaS.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bbk.bund.de/DE/AufgabenundAusstattung/Krisenmanagement/WarnungderBevoelkerung/Warnmultiplikatoren/Warnmultiplikatoren_node.html | title = Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe - Warnmultiplikatoren }}</ref> The development of MoWaS is based on the satellite-based warning system SatWaS from 2001, which only provides information to less than 150 state and media entities. In case no broadcast receiver, like a radio or television, is running nearby, the resulting warning effect of SatWaS would be severely limited, because many state-run emergency sirens have been left unmaintained or were dismantled altogether. The use of CAP support in MoWaS should alleviate this problem.

===Italy===

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The first use of CAP protocol in a civil protection activity in Italy was recorded in 2009, in the aftermath of the [[Central Italy Earthquake]], when the Fire Corps exchanged data with the Ministry for Cultural Heritage to coordinate their efforts in designing and implementing provisional measures for monuments and historical buildings.

On April 5th5, 2017, an [http://www.vigilfuoco.it/aspx/download_file.aspx?id=22636 agreement] between the "Corpo Nazionale dei Vigili del Fuoco" and the "Arma dei Carabinieri" has been signed to improve the forest fire fighting activities. The interoperability of data exchange that the agreement allows is based on the use of the CAP protocol.

===United States===

On September 30, 2010, the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) officially adopted CAP as the protocol for its new [[Integrated Public Alert and Warning System]] (IPAWS), which is designed to disseminate emergency messages via various platforms, including broadcast media ([[Emergency Alert System]]), wireless devices ([[Wireless Emergency Alerts]]), and other platforms.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=385a5fb7-aa83-431d-80a1-3aa45296e3db|title=FCC revises emergency alert system rules; reminds participants of June 30, 2012 CAP compliance deadline|last1=Oxenford|first1=Davis Wright Tremaine LLP-David D.|last2=Tol|first2=Jennifer|website=Lexology.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-24|last3=Frewer|date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadcastlawblog.com/2010/09/articles/fema-adopts-digital-message-format-for-eas-cap-standard-triggering-180-day-clock-for-compliance/|title=FEMA Adopts Digital Message Format for EAS CAP Standard, Triggering 180-Day Clock for Compliance|date=2010-09-30|website=Broadcast Law Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[1seg]]

* [[Broadcast Markup Language]]

== References ==

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==External links==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160611053603/https://botterell.net/CAP/ The CAP Cookbook: Archive of early CAP documents]

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001162846/http://www.fema.gov/pdf/media/2006/deas_fact_sheet.pdf DEAS and Department of Homeland Security]

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908043938/http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/ipaws/ipaws_factsheetIPAWS_factsheet.pdf U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency "Integrated Public Alert and Warning System" (IPAWS) fact sheet.]

*[http://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.html OASIS documentation on CAP v1.2]

*[http://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/edxl-cap-logo/v1.0/edxl-cap-logo-v1.0.html official CAP Logos]