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Natural-language processing can be described as all of the following:
* A field of [[science]] – systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.<ref>"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions." —p.vii, [[J. L. Heilbron]], (2003, editor-in-chief) ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science'' New York: Oxford University Press {{ISBN|0-19-511229-6}}
*{{cite
<!--{{sfn|Popper|2002|p=3}}--></ref>
** An [[applied science]] – field that applies human knowledge to build or design useful things.
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**** A subfield of [[computational linguistics]] – interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective.
** An application of [[engineering]] – science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
*** An application of [[software engineering]] – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.<ref name="BoDu04">[[Software Engineering Body of Knowledge|SWEBOK]] {{Cite book|editor1= Pierre Bourque |editor2=Robert Dupuis | title = Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge - 2004 Version | publisher = [[IEEE Computer Society]] | year = 2004 | pages = 1 | isbn = 0-7695-2330-7 | url = http://www.swebok.org | others = executive editors, Alain Abran, James W. Moore
| last = ACM
| year = 2006
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| url = http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol3_2/tpj0302-0002.html
}}</ref>
* [[Negobot]], a bot designed to catch online pedophiles by posing as a young girl and attempting to elicit personal details from people it speaks to.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Laorden|first1=Carlos|last2=Galan-Garcia|first2=Patxi|last3=Santos|first3=Igor|last4=Sanz|first4=Borja|last5=Hidalgo|first5=Jose Maria Gomez|last6=Bringas|first6=Pablo G.|title=Negobot: A conversational agent based on game theory for the detection of paedophile behaviour|date=23 August 2012|publisher=Springer |url=http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/isantos/publications/2012/Laorden_2012_CISIS_Negobot.pdf|isbn=978-3-642-33018-6|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917013039/http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/isantos/publications/2012/Laorden_2012_CISIS_Negobot.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-17}}</ref>
== Natural-language processing organizations ==
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* [[William Aaron Woods]] –
* [[Maurice Gross]] – author of the concept of local grammar,<ref name="AHI">[http://hdl.handle.net/2042/14456 Ibrahim, Amr Helmy. 2002. "Maurice Gross (1934-2001). À la mémoire de Maurice Gross". ''Hermès'' 34.]</ref> taking finite automata as the competence model of language.<ref name="RD">[http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/kaliedoscope/mauricegross13.pdf Dougherty, Ray. 2001. ''Maurice Gross Memorial Letter''.]</ref>
* [[Stephen Wolfram]] – CEO and founder of [[Wolfram Research]], creator of the programming language (natural-language understanding) [[Wolfram Language]], and natural-language processing computation engine [[Wolfram Alpha]].<ref>{{cite
* [[Victor Yngve]] –
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== External links ==
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