Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

{{PBB|geneid=54487}}

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}

'''DGCR8''' (DiGeorge syndrome chromosomal region 8) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''DGCR8'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54487| accessdate = }}</ref> In other animals, particularly the common [[model organism]]s ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' and ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]'', the protein is known as ''Pasha'' (partner of [[Drosha]]).<ref>{{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ | title = Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex | journal = Nature | volume = 432 | issue = 7014 | pages = 231-5 | date = Nov 2004 | pmid = 15531879 | doi = 10.1038/nature03049 }}</ref> It is a required component of the [[RNA interference]] pathway.

{{Infobox_gene}}

The ''' microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8''' ''([[DiGeorge syndrome]] chromosomalcritical region 8)'' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''{{gene|DGCR8''}} [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8| url = httphttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrezgene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54487| accessdateaccess-date = }}</ref> In other animals, particularly the common [[model organism]]s ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' and ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]'', the protein is known as ''Pasha'' (partner of [[Drosha]]).<ref>{{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ | title = Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex | journal = Nature | volume = 432 | issue = 7014 | pages = 231-5231–5 | date = Nov 2004 | pmid = 15531879 | doi = 10.1038/nature03049 | bibcode = 2004Natur.432..231D | s2cid = 4425505 }}</ref> It is a required component of the [[RNA interference]] pathway.

== Function ==

The proteinsubunit DGCR8 is localized to the [[cell nucleus]] and is required for [[microRNA]] (miRNA) processing. It binds to the other subunit [[Drosha]], an [[RNase III]] [[enzyme]], to form the ''Microprocessor[[microprocessor complex'']] that cleaves a [[primary transcript]] known as pri-miRNA to a characteristic [[stem-loop]] structure known as a pre-miRNA, which is then further processed to miRNA fragments by the enzyme [[Dicer]]. PashaDGCR8 contains an [[RNA]]-binding ___domain and is thought to bind pri-miRNA to stabilize it for processing by Drosha.<ref>{{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN | title = Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = 16 | pages = 4622–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16963499 | pmc = 1636349 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl458 }}</ref>

DGCR8 is also required for some types of DNA repair. Removal of UV-induced DNA [[Pyrimidine dimer|photoproducts]], during [[Nucleotide excision repair#Transcription coupled repair (TC-NER)|transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER)]], depends on JNK phosphorylation of DGCR8 on [[serine]] 153.<ref name=Calses>{{cite journal |vauthors=Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T |title=DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing |journal=Cell Rep |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=162–174 |year=2017 |pmid=28380355 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021 |pmc=5423785}}</ref> While DGCR8 is known to function in microRNA biogenesis, this activity is not required for DGCR8-dependent removal of UV-induced photoproducts.<ref name=Calses /> [[Nucleotide excision repair]] is also needed for repair of oxidative DNA damage due to [[hydrogen peroxide]] ({{chem|H₂O₂}}), and DGCR8 depleted cells are sensitive to {{chem|H₂O₂}}.<ref name=Calses />

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==

{{refbegin | 2}}

* {{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 171–4 | year = 1994 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = SuzukiSimpson YJC, Yoshitomo-NakagawaWellenreuther KR, MaruyamaPoustka KA, SuyamaPepperkok AR, SuganoWiemann S | title = ConstructionSystematic andsubcellular characterizationlocalization of anovel fullproteins length-enrichedidentified andby a 5'-endlarge-enrichedscale cDNA librarysequencing | journal = GeneEMBO Reports | volume = 2001 | issue = 1-23 | pages = 149–56287–92 | yeardate = 1997Sep 2000 | datepmid = Oct 199711256614 | pmidpmc = 93731491083732 | doi = 10.10161093/S0378embo-1119(97)00411-3reports/kvd058 }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = HartleyShiohama JLA, TempleSasaki GFT, BraschNoda MAS, Minoshima S, Shimizu N | title = DNAMolecular cloning usingand expression analysis of a novel gene DGCR8 located in vitrothe site-specificDiGeorge syndrome chromosomal recombinationregion | journal = GenomeBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 10304 | issue = 111 | pages = 1788–95184–90 | year = 2001 | date = NovApr 20002003 | pmid = 11076863 | pmc = 31094812705904 | doi = 10.11011016/gr.143000S0006-291X(03)00554-0 }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = SimpsonGregory JCRI, WellenreutherYan RKP, PoustkaAmuthan AG, PepperkokChendrimada RT, WiemannDoratotaj SB, |Cooch titleN, =Shiekhattar SystematicR subcellular| localizationtitle of= novelThe proteinsMicroprocessor identifiedcomplex bymediates large-scalethe cDNAgenesis sequencingof microRNAs | journal = EMBO ReportsNature | volume = 1432 | issue = 37014 | pages = 287–92235–40 | yeardate = 2001Nov 2004 | datepmid = Sep 200015531877 | pmiddoi = 1125661410.1038/nature03120 | pmcbibcode = 10837322004Natur.432..235G | dois2cid = 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd0584389261 }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = ShiohamaHan AJ, SasakiLee TY, NodaYeom SKH, MinoshimaKim SYK, ShimizuJin NH, Kim VN | title = Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a novel geneThe Drosha-DGCR8 locatedcomplex in the DiGeorge syndromeprimary chromosomalmicroRNA regionprocessing | journal = BiochemicalGenes and& Biophysical Research CommunicationsDevelopment | volume = 30418 | issue = 124 | pages = 184–903016–27 | yeardate = 2003Dec 2004 | datepmid = Apr 200315574589 | pmidpmc = 12705904535913 | doi = 10.10161101/S0006-291X(03)00554-0gad.1262504 }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = CollinsLandthaler JEM, WrightYalcin CLA, EdwardsTuschl CA,T Davis| MP,title Grinham= JA,The Colehuman CG,DiGeorge Gowardsyndrome ME,critical Aguadoregion B,gene Mallya8 M,and MokrabIts Y,D. Hucklemelanogaster EJ,homolog Beareare DM,required Dunhamfor ImiRNA | title = A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeomebiogenesis | journal = GenomeCurrent Biology | volume = 514 | issue = 1023 | pages = R842162–7 | yeardate = 2005Dec 2004 | pmid = 1546180215589161 | pmcdoi = 54560410.1016/j.cub.2004.11.001 | doibibcode = 102004CBio.1186..14.2162L | hdl = 11858/gb00-2004001M-50000-100012-r84EB83-3 | s2cid = 13266269 | hdl-access = free }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = WiemannHan SJ, ArltLee DY, HuberYeom WKH, WellenreutherNam RJW, SchleegerHeo SI, MehrleRhee AJK, BechtelSohn SSY, SauermannCho MY, KorfZhang UBT, PepperkokKim R,VN Sültmann| H,title Poustka= AMolecular |basis titlefor =the Fromrecognition ORFeomeof toprimary biology:microRNAs aby functionalthe genomicsDrosha-DGCR8 pipelinecomplex | journal = Genome ResearchCell | volume = 14125 | issue = 10B5 | pages = 2136–44887–901 | year = 2004 | date = OctJun 20042006 | pmid = 1548933616751099 | pmcdoi = 52893010.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043 | doi-access = 10.1101/gr.2576704free }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = GregoryFaller RIM, YanMatsunaga KPM, AmuthanYin GS, ChendrimadaLoo TJA, DoratotajGuo B, Cooch N, Shiekhattar RF | title = TheHeme Microprocessoris complexinvolved mediatesin themicroRNA genesis of microRNAsprocessing | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 43214 | issue = 70141 | pages = 235–4023–9 | year = 2004 | date = NovJan 20042007 | pmid = 1553187717159994 | doi = 10.1038/nature03120nsmb1182 | s2cid = 17463646 }}

* {{vcite2cite journal | vauthors = HanSohn JSY, LeeBae YWJ, Kim JJ, Yeom KH, Kim YKVN, JinCho H, Kim VNY | title = TheCrystal Drosha-DGCR8structure complexof inhuman primary microRNADGCR8 processingcore | journal = GenesNature Structural & DevelopmentMolecular Biology | volume = 1814 | issue = 249 | pages = 3016–27847–53 | year = 2005 | date = DecSep 20042007 | pmid = 1557458917704815 | pmcdoi = 53591310.1038/nsmb1294 | dois2cid = 10.1101/gad.126250418561478 }}

* {{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Landthaler M, Yalcin A, Tuschl T | title = The human DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 and Its D. melanogaster homolog are required for miRNA biogenesis | journal = Current Biology : CB | volume = 14 | issue = 23 | pages = 2162–7 | year = 2005 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15589161 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.001 }}

* {{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C, Arlt D, Hahne F, Bechtel S, Simpson J, Hofmann O, Hide W, Glatting KH, Huber W, Pepperkok R, Poustka A, Wiemann S | title = The LIFEdb database in 2006 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = Database issue | pages = D415–8 | year = 2006 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16381901 | pmc = 1347501 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}

* {{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN | title = Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex | journal = Cell | volume = 125 | issue = 5 | pages = 887–901 | year = 2006 | date = Jun 2006 | pmid = 16751099 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043 }}

* {{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Faller M, Matsunaga M, Yin S, Loo JA, Guo F | title = Heme is involved in microRNA processing | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–9 | year = 2007 | date = Jan 2007 | pmid = 17159994 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb1182 }}

* {{vcite2 journal | vauthors = Sohn SY, Bae WJ, Kim JJ, Yeom KH, Kim VN, Cho Y | title = Crystal structure of human DGCR8 core | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 14 | issue = 9 | pages = 847–53 | year = 2007 | date = Sep 2007 | pmid = 17704815 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb1294 }}

{{refend}}

{{PDB Gallery|geneid=54487}}

{{gene-22-stub}}

[[Category:Proteins]]

[[Category:MicroRNA]]

[[Category:RNA interference]]

[[Category:ProteinsDNA repair]]

{{gene-22-stub}}